| 精料中维生素A添加水平对生茸期马鹿日粮营养物质消化、血液生化指标及鹿茸产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 曹英,库尔班&#,吐拉克,杨开伦,贺贺千,华兴耀,李璐,金大智,杨玮,李彦林.精料中维生素A添加水平对生茸期马鹿日粮营养物质消化、血液生化指标及鹿茸产量的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2020,47(8):2454-2463. |
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| 作者姓名： | 曹英 库尔班&# 吐拉克 杨开伦 贺贺千 华兴耀 李璐 金大智 杨玮 李彦林 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052;2. 新疆昌吉市盛华马鹿繁育基地, 昌吉 831100;3. 新疆乌鲁木齐市牧业气象试验站, 乌鲁木齐 830034 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0502204） |
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| 摘 要： | 为研究精料维生素A（VA）添加水平对生茸期马鹿日粮营养物质消化、血液生化指标及鹿茸产量的影响，以阿尔泰马鹿为研究对象，选择健康、体重相近的5~7岁龄公鹿18头，随机分为3组，分别为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组，每组6头。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂VA添加水平为12 800、18 800和24 800 IU/kg的精料，粗饲料由苜蓿干草和麦秸组成，自由采食。预试期15 d，正试期66 d。结果表明：①试验Ⅰ组干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）的采食量极显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.01），且粗蛋白质（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）采食量显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。试验Ⅲ组粗蛋白质、磷采食量显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。②试验Ⅰ组磷消化率显著高于试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组（P<0.05），其余营养物质消化率各组间无显著差异（P>0.05）。③精料VA添加水平对阿尔泰马鹿的蛋白质代谢和糖脂代谢没有产生显著影响（P>0.05）。但血液总蛋白（TP）、血糖（GLU）随着VA添加水平的升高有升高的趋势，而总胆固醇（TC）、尿素氮（UREA）等则有下降的趋势。④血液谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性随着VA水平的升高而降低，其中试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的碱性磷酸酶活性显著低于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.05）。⑤血液免疫球蛋白含量随着VA添加水平的升高而升高，其中试验Ⅲ组的免疫球蛋白G（IgG）含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组（P<0.01）。⑥试验Ⅲ组的丙二醛（MDA）含量显著低于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.05）、谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活性极显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.01）。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）随着VA添加水平升高呈极显著升高变化（P<0.01）。⑦试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组血液生长激素（GH）含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.01），试验Ⅲ组的胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）和VA含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.01），血液雌二醇（E2）含量随着饲喂精料VA水平的升高而升高（P<0.01）。血液睾酮（T）和25-羟基维生素D3（25-OH-VD3）含量有随VA水平升高而升高的趋势（P>0.05）。⑧各组之间鹿茸产量无显著性差异（P>0.05），其中试验Ⅰ组最高，试验Ⅲ组产茸量最低。综上，在本试验条件下，精料VA添加水平为12 800 IU/kg时阿尔泰马鹿有较高的采食量和鹿茸产量，精料VA添加水平为24 800 IU/kg时阿尔泰马鹿有较强的免疫和抗氧化功能。综合生产效益，推荐马鹿精料VA添加水平为12 800 IU/kg。
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| 关 键 词： | 阿尔泰马鹿 鹿茸产量 维生素A 消化率 血液生化指标 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-02-25 |
Effects of Supplemental Vitamin A Levels of Concentrate Supplement on Nutrient Digestion,Blood Biochemical Indexes and Antler Yield of Red Deer at Antler Growing Stage |
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| CAO Ying,KUERBAN&#,Tulake,YANG Kailun,HE Heqian,HUA Xingyao,LI Lu,JIN Dazhi,YANG Wei,LI Yanlin.Effects of Supplemental Vitamin A Levels of Concentrate Supplement on Nutrient Digestion,Blood Biochemical Indexes and Antler Yield of Red Deer at Antler Growing Stage[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2020,47(8):2454-2463. |
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| Authors: | CAO Ying KUERBAN&# Tulake YANG Kailun HE Heqian HUA Xingyao LI Lu JIN Dazhi YANG Wei LI Yanlin |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;2. Changji Shenghua Domesticated Wapiti Breeding Base, Changji 831100, China;3. Urumqi Animal Husbandry Meteorological Experimental Station of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830034, China |
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| Abstract: | This experiment was conducted to study the effects of vitamin A levels of concentrate supplement on the digestion of dietary nutrients,blood biochemical indexes and antler yield of red deer.Eighteen Altai red deers,aged 5 to 7 years old with similar weight and good health were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups,with 6 replicates per group.And they were fed experimental concentrate supplements containing different vitamin A levels,which were 12 800 IU/kg (group Ⅰ),18 800 IU/kg (group Ⅱ) and 24 800 IU/kg (group Ⅲ) respectively.The deers were fed with roughage composed of alfalfa hay and straw freely.And the preliminary feeding period was 15 d and the trial period was 66 d.The results showed that:① The intake of dry matter (DM),organic matter (OM),calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in group Ⅰ were extremely significantly higher than that in the group Ⅱ (P<0.01),and the intake of crude protein (CP) and crude fat (EE) were significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ (P<0.05).CP and P intake in group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ (P<0.05).② The digestibility of P in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in the digestibility of other nutrients among the groups (P>0.05).③ The addition of vitamin A in concentrate had no significant effect on protein metabolism and glucose and lipid metabolism in Altai red deer (P>0.05).However,total blood protein (TP) and blood glucose (GLU) increased with the increase of vitamin A,while total cholesterol (TC) and UREA nitrogen decreased.④ AST,ALT and ALP decreased with the increase of vitamin A level,among which the activity of ALP in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05).⑤ The blood immunoglobulin content increased with the increase of vitamin A level,among which the immunoglobulin G (IgG) content in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.01).⑥Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05) and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.01).Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the three groups increased significantly with the increase of vitamin A level (P<0.01).⑦ Blood growth hormone (GH) contents of groups Ⅲ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.01),insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and vitamin A contents of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.01),blood estradiol (E2) level rises with concentrate vitamin A level (P<0.01).The blood testosterone (T) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-VD3) levels increased (P>0.05).⑧ There was no significant difference in velvet antler yield among the groups (P>0.05),with the highest antler yield in group Ⅰ and the lowest in group Ⅲ.To sum up,under the conditions of this experiment,Altai red deer had higher feed intake and antler yield when the vitamin A content of concentration was 12 800 IU/kg,while Altai red deer had stronger immune and antioxidant functions when the vitamin A content of concentration was 24 800 IU/kg.Comprehensive production benefits,recommended concentrate vitamin A level of 12 800 IU/kg was better. |
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| Keywords: | Altai red deer concentrate supplement vitamin A digestion blood biochemical indexes |
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