| 黄河中游典型支流无定河流域水土流失动态监测 |
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| 引用本文： | 张栋,赵院,赵辉.黄河中游典型支流无定河流域水土流失动态监测[J].水土保持通报,2022,42(3):89-94,147. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张栋 赵院 赵辉 |
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| 作者单位： | 黄河水利委员会 黄河上中游管理局, 陕西 西安 710021;水利部 水土保持监测中心, 北京 100053 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目“黄土高原坡面土壤侵蚀特征地带性变化及驱动机制”（42077071） |
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| 摘 要： | 目的] 探索黄河中游典型的粗泥沙支流无定河的水土流失分布和动态变化特征，为新时期水土保持工作、生态环境建设和流域高质量发展提供科学依据。方法] 以无定河流域为例，基于1985，1999，2011年3次普查和2019年全国水土流失动态监测成果，提取年度水土流失强度、面积，分析其时空分布及动态变化特征，并采用Mann-kendall检验，基于水文数据，分析1980—2018年流域水沙变化特征。结果] 2019年无定河流域水土流失面积1.20×104 km2，以水力侵蚀为主，风力侵蚀主要集中分布在流域北部的风沙区。下游干流（白家川—绥德+丁家沟段）、小黑河绥德以上的输沙模数超过流域平均水平的3倍，是主要的泥沙策源地；水土流失面积较1985年减少1.40×104 km2，减幅为53.87%，输沙量和径流量均呈现出减小的趋势，拐点分别出现在2007年和1996年。空间上，风力侵蚀由1985年的集中连片分布转为零星分布，水力侵蚀空间位置分布与1985年相比基本无变化，但干流赵石窑至流域出口段左岸侵蚀强度有所降低。结论] 无定河流域水土保持工作成效显著，有效遏制了土壤侵蚀，生态环境整体向好。但流域水土流失依旧严重，未来工作中，应结合历史水土保持工作经验，突出工作重点，进一步加强无定河流域水土流失综合治理。
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| 关 键 词： | 黄河中游 无定河 水土流失 时空分布 综合治理 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/7/23 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/1/23 0:00:00 |
Dynamic Monitoring of Soil and Water Loss at Wuding River Basin, a Typical Tributary of Middle Reaches of Yellow River |
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| Zhang Dong,Zhao Yuan,Zhao Hui.Dynamic Monitoring of Soil and Water Loss at Wuding River Basin, a Typical Tributary of Middle Reaches of Yellow River[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,42(3):89-94,147. |
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| Authors: | Zhang Dong Zhao Yuan Zhao Hui |
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| Institution: | Upper and Middle Reaches of Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Xi''an, Shaanxi 710021, China;Monitoring Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100053, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective] The distribution and dynamic characteristics of soil and water loss at Wuding River, a typical coarse sediment tributary in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, were analyzed in order to provide a scientific basis for soil and water conservation, ecological environment construction, and high-quality development of the basin in the new period.Methods] Based on the results of three censuses (1985, 1999, and 2011) and national dynamic monitoring of soil and water loss in 2019, the intensity and area of annual soil and water loss at Wuding River basin were extracted, and the spatial and temporal distribution and dynamic change characteristics were analyzed. The variation characteristics of water and sediment in the basin from 1980 to 2018 were analyzed by the Mann-Kendall test based on hydrologic data.Results] The soil and water loss area in the basin in 2019 was 1.20×104 km2, which was dominated by hydraulic erosion. Wind erosion was mainly observed in the sandstorm area in the northern part of the basin. The sediment transport modulus of the downstream main stream (Baijiachuan-Suide + Dingjiagou section) and the Xiaoheihe River above the Suide was more than three times higher than the average higher than level of the basin, and was the main source of sediment. Compared with 1985, the soil and water loss area decreased by 1.40×104 km2, with a decrease rate of 53.87%. Sediment discharge and runoff showed decreasing trends, and the inflection points appeared in 2007 and 1996, respectively. The spatial distribution of wind erosion was changed from concentrated and contiguous in 1985 to scattered in 2019. The intensity of hydraulic erosion was reduced from Zhaoshiyao to the outlet section of the left bank of the main stream.Conclusion] Soil and water conservation has effectively curbed soil erosion at Wuding River basin, but soil and water loss is still serious. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive control of soil and water loss by combining research results with work experiences obtained from historical soil and water conservation efforts. |
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| Keywords: | the middle reaches of the Yellow River Wuding River soil and water erosion spatio-temporal distribution comprehensive control |
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