| 不同氮素形态对黄瓜根区土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 张雪,刘守伟,吴凤芝,周新刚.不同氮素形态对黄瓜根区土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2014,1(3):19-25. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张雪 刘守伟 吴凤芝 周新刚 |
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| 作者单位： | （东北农业大学园艺学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150030） |
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| 基金项目： | 大宗蔬菜产业技术体系专项（CARS-25），黑龙江省2012 年
研究生创新科研资金项目（HLJCX2012—008HLJ） |
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| 摘 要： | 采用苗期盆栽试验，研究了不同氮素形态配比对黄瓜幼苗根区土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响。研究涉及N1（NH4+-N∶NO3--N 为10∶0）、N2（NH4+-N∶NO3--N 为7∶3）、N3（ NH4+-N∶NO3--N 为5∶5）、N4（NH4+-N∶NO3--N 为3∶7）共4 个氮肥配比处理，以施入同体积清水为对照。结果表明：施氮处理的黄瓜幼苗植株鲜质量、干质量均高于CK，其中N3 处理明显高于N1、N2 及CK；N3、N4 处理的黄瓜根区土壤微生物总数较高，其中土壤细菌、放线菌数量明显高于
N1 和CK，真菌数量则低于其他处理；土壤脲酶、中性磷酸酶活性均以N2 处理最高，N3 处理的土壤脱氢酶活性显著高于其他处理，施氮处理的过氧化氢酶活性均显著低于CK。结论：施加氮肥可以提高黄瓜植株鲜质量、干质量、土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性。硝态氮肥比例的增加能够提高黄瓜植株鲜质量、干质量及土壤细菌、放线菌数量和土壤脱氢酶活性，而铵氮肥比例的增加可以提高土壤真菌数量和土壤脲酶、中性磷酸酶活性。综合评价，设施黄瓜栽培以N3 处理效果最佳，即
NH4+-N∶NO3--N 为5∶5。
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| 关 键 词： | 氮素形态 配比 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 |
Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms on Soil Microorganism Population and Soil
Enzyme Activities around Cucumber Root Zone |
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| ZHANG Xue,LIU Shou-Wei,WU Feng-Zhi,ZHOU Xin-Gang.Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms on Soil Microorganism Population and Soil
Enzyme Activities around Cucumber Root Zone[J].China Vegetables,2014,1(3):19-25. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Xue LIU Shou-Wei WU Feng-Zhi ZHOU Xin-Gang |
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| Institution: | （College of Horticulture，Northeast Agricultural University，Harbin 150030，Heilongjiang，China） |
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| Abstract: | In this paper，seedling pot cultivation experiments were conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen form match on microorganism population and soil enzyme activity in cucumber seedling root zone. This study includes 4 nitrogen form matching treatments as N1（NH4+-N∶NO3--N were 10∶0），N2（NH4+-N∶NO3--N were 7∶3），N3（ NH4+-N∶NO3--N were 5∶5），N4（NH4+-N∶NO3--N were 3∶7）. The same volumes of water were added as the control. The results showed that cucumber seedling dry weight and fresh weight of the N treatments were both higher than the CK，especially the N3 treatment was obviously higher than that of N1，N2 treatments and the CK. The microorganism population of N3 and N4 treatments was higher，among which the population of bacteria and actinomyces were higher than that of N1 treatment and the CK，while the fungus amount was lower than that of all other treatments. N2 treatment had the highest activities of soil urease and neutral phosphatase. N3 treatment had significantly higher soil dehydrogenase activity than the other treatments. In all
treatments the catalase activity was significantly lower than that of the CK. Thus，the conclution: applying nitrogen fertilizer could increase cucumber dry weight，fresh weight，microorganism population and enhance the enzyme activity. Increasing the ratio of nitrate nitrogen could increase cucumber dry weight，fresh weight，soil bacteria and actinomyces population，and also enhance the soil dehydrogenase activity. While increasing the ratio of
ammonium nitrogen could increase soil fungi amount，and enhance activities of urease and neutral phosphatase. Comprehensive evaluation showed that N3 treatment had the best result in greenhouse cucumber cultivation，i.e. the ratio of NH4+-N∶NO3--N is 5∶5 . |
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| Keywords: | Nitrogen forms Ratio Soil microbes Soil enzyme activity |
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