| 稻草还田对烟田追肥气态氮损失及相关微生物的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘青丽,李志宏,陈顺辉,蒋雨洲,张云贵,李文卿.稻草还田对烟田追肥气态氮损失及相关微生物的影响[J].农业工程学报,2020,36(22):246-253. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘青丽 李志宏 陈顺辉 蒋雨洲 张云贵 李文卿 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081;福建省烟草专卖局烟草科学研究所,福州 350003 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家烟草专卖局科技项目（110201402015和110201902002）；福建省烟草专卖局项目（KJRW-201704） |
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| 摘 要： | 研究不同农业措施下N2O和NH3的排放，对减缓温室效应及雾霾治理有重要意义。针对烟田追肥浇施的特殊管理方式，以水稻烤烟轮作定位试验为平台，于2017年选择单施化肥（NPK）、化肥+稻草还田（NPKS）、化肥+稻草还田+饼肥（NPKSB）3个处理，研究稻草还田对追肥气态氮损失及其相关微生物群落结构的影响。研究显示，烤烟追肥后土壤NH3挥发和N2O排放速率开始上升，2～3d达到最大，之后开始下降。NPK处理追肥氨挥发氮量为1.45±0.04 kg/hm2、N2O排放氮量为2.49±0.23 kg/hm2，气态氮损失中以N2O排放为主。与单施化肥相比，稻草还田配施化肥提高了土壤含水量、改变了氧化亚氮还原酶基因（nosZ）和氨氧化细菌（AOB，Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria）的微生物群落结构，其根瘤菌目相对丰度显著降低、红螺菌目相对丰度显著升高；同时N2O排放量增加了55.35%、氨挥发氮量显著降低了11.43%，气态氮损失显著增加。与单施化肥相比，化肥+稻草还田+饼肥处理提高了土壤含水量、改变了nosZ和AOB基因的微生物群落结构，其伯克尔霍尔德氏菌目相对丰度显著提高。化肥+稻草还田+饼肥处理N2O排放量与单施化肥差异不显著，氨挥发氮量显著降低了8.91%，但两者气态氮损失差异不显著。化肥+稻草还田+饼肥处理N2O排放量较化肥+稻草还田处理降低27.82%，但两者氨挥发量差异不显著。综上所述，秸秆还田抑制了土壤氨挥发、激发了N2O排放，稻草还田配施饼肥能够降低土壤氨挥发、抑制稻草还田引起的N2O排放。
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| 关 键 词： | 氮肥 烟草 稻草还田 追肥 气态氮 微生物群落结构 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/7/19 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/11/19 0:00:00 |
Effects of rice-straw returning on gaseous nitrogen loss and microorganisms in tobacco field after topdressing |
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| Liu Qingli,Li Zhihong,Chen Shunhui,Jiang Yuzhou,Zhang Yungui,Li Wenqing.Effects of rice-straw returning on gaseous nitrogen loss and microorganisms in tobacco field after topdressing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2020,36(22):246-253. |
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| Authors: | Liu Qingli Li Zhihong Chen Shunhui Jiang Yuzhou Zhang Yungui Li Wenqing |
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| Institution: | 1.Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;;2.Institute of Tobacco Sciences, Fujian Provincial Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, Fuzhou 350013, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Topdressing is widely used to reduce the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3), thereby to alleviate greenhouse effect and haze under various agricultural measures in management of a tobacco field. In this study, a rice/tobacco location experiment was performed to explore the comprehensive effects of rice-straw returning on the loss of nitrogen and related microbial communities in 2017. Three treatments were selected, including the single application of chemical fertilizer (NPK), chemical fertilizer + rice straw returning to field (NPKS), and chemical fertilizer + rice straw returning + cake fertilizer (NPKSB). Ammonia volatilization was determined by continuous air extraction in a closed chamber. The emission of N2O was measured by a static chamber and gas chromatography. A high-throughput sequencing method was used to evaluate soil microorganisms. The results showed that the rate of NH3 volatilization and N2O emission first rose after topdressing, and then declined when reaching the maximum in 2-3 days. In the NPK treatment, the amount of NH3-N emission was (1.45±0.04) kg/hm2, and the amount of N2O-N emission was (2.49±0.23) kg/hm2 in topdressing. The rate of nitrogen loss was (6.97 ± 1.07) %, and that of N2O emission was (4.81±1.13)%, which accounted for 62.98% of gaseous nitrogen, indicating that the N2O emission was the main gas loss. It infers that the long-term straw returning increased soil water content (8.4%~10.1%), and changed the microbial community structure of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB, Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria) and N2O reductase gene (nosZ), where the relative abundance of rhizobia was significantly lower, whereas, that of rhodospira was dramatically higher than that of chemical fertilizer alone. When the rice straw was returned to the field, the emission of N2O increased by 55.35% and NH3 volatilization decreased by 11.43%, as well as the loss rate of gaseous nitrogen was (10.34±1.40) %. The NPKSB treatment increased the soil water content, while, changed the microbial community structure of AOB and nosZ genes, indicating a significant increase in the relative abundance of Burkholderia, compared with the NPK treatment. In rice straw returning with cake fertilizer, the emission of NH3 volatile nitrogen decreased by 8.91%, whereas, the emission of N2O-N was similar to that of NPK treatment. The N2O emission decreased by 27.82% for the straw returning combined with cake fertilizer, compared with the NPKS treatment. There was no significant difference in NH3 volatilization between the treatments of NPKS and NPKSB. In the correlation analysis, the loss of NH3 volatilization was negatively correlated with the organic matter and moisture content in soil, whereas, there was no significant correlation with the structure of microbial community, particularly on nosZ gene and AOB gene. The N2O emission was negatively correlated with rhizobia, while positively correlated with rhodospiridae. The straw returning combined with cake fertilizer can be used to reduce the NH3 volatilization, whereas, to inhibit the N2O emission caused by straw in a tobacco field soil. |
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| Keywords: | nitrogen fertilizers tobacco rice-straw returning topdressing gaseous nitrogen microbial community structure |
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