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Metal chemistry of irrigation and drainage waters of Al-Ahsa Oasis of Saudi Arabia and its effects on soil properties |
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| Authors: | Hussain G Sadiq M |
| Institution: | 1.Agricultural Research Station, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia ;2.Water Resources and Environment, The Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia ; |
| Abstract: | Water samples from 18 springs and 13 drainage canals and subcanals were collected from Al-Ahsa Oasis. Concentrations of total dissolved salts, Cl, SO4 HCO3, B, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, V, Ti, and Zn were determined. The soil salinity development (SSD), the adjusted Na ratio (adj. SAR), the adjusted Na adsorption ratio (adj. RNa), and exchangeable Na percentage (ESP) were calculated. Sodium was the most abundant cation in all water samples followed by Ca, Mg, Sr, and K in descending order. Concentrations of all other metals were below 0.1 mg L–1. Chloride was the most abundant anion, followed by SO4 and HCO3 in these waters. A significant correlation (P < 0.05)=" between=" na=" and=" cl=" in=" water=" samples=" was=" found.=" thermodynamic=" calculations=" revealed=" that=" an=" appreciable=" fraction=" of=" ca=" and=" mg=" in=" spring=" and=" drainage=" waters=" were=" associated=" with=">4 and HCO3 ions. Calcium increased from less than 10 meq L–1 in spring waters to > 16 meq L–1, Mg was doubled, and Na and Cl increased several times in the drainage waters. The salinity and sodicity hazards of the spring and drainage waters were classified as C4S2 i.e. high salinity with medium sodicity problems. |
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