| 冀北不同建筑类型奶牛舍冬季环境质量比较 |
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| 引用本文： | 周英昊,武震钢,毛森,王亚男,冯曼,于滨,许翊冉,吴限,郭建军,邱殿锐.冀北不同建筑类型奶牛舍冬季环境质量比较[J].家畜生态学报,2021,42(2). |
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| 作者姓名： | 周英昊 武震钢 毛森 王亚男 冯曼 于滨 许翊冉 吴限 郭建军 邱殿锐 |
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| 作者单位： | 承德市农林科学院,河北承德067000;隆化县农业农村局,河北隆化068150 |
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| 基金项目： | 河北省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(HBCT2018120202);河北省奶业振兴重大技术创新专项(19226632D);河北省农业关键共性技术攻关专项(18226633);承德市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(201802B020,201903A029)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 旨在研究河北省北部寒区不同建筑类型奶牛舍冬季舍内外环境质量状况,为该地区奶牛舍设计改造及环境改善提供借鉴。选择冀北寒区3种典型建筑类型奶牛舍(高举架、纵跨大、封闭性差的有窗舍A,低举架、纵跨小、封闭性好的有窗舍B,高举架、纵跨大、封闭性一般的有窗舍C),检测各舍内外环境温度、相对湿度、风速、围护结构(墙壁、地面、屋顶)内表面温度、空气中PM2.5、PM10、细菌、CO2、NH3含量、光照强度、噪音强度等指标,评价奶牛舍环境质量情况。结果表明:3类奶牛舍舍外环境质量状况相当,仅NH3和CO2含量存在一定差异,舍内环境质量状况存在较大差异。舍A冬季舍内风速最高(P<0.05),舍内平均温度、屋顶温度、相对湿度、空气中PM2.5、PM10、细菌、CO2、NH3含量均显著低于其他牛舍(P<0.05);墙壁、地面温度及自然光照强度均显著低于舍B(P<0.05),与舍C差异不显著(P>0.05);舍B冬季舍内风速最低(P<0.05),舍内平均温度、各墙壁、地面、屋顶温度、自然光照强度、相对湿度、空气中PM2.5、PM10、细菌、CO2、NH3含量均显著高于其他牛舍(P<0.05);舍C冬季舍内人工光照强度最低(P<0.05);各舍内噪音强度无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此得出,冀北寒区奶牛舍的设计、改造及管理应注意考虑冬季牛舍的保温和通风换气,以改善牛舍内环境质量。
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| 关 键 词： | 冀北寒区 奶牛舍 冬季 环境质量 |
Comparison of Environmental Quality of Cowhouses with Different Building Types in North Hebei Province in Winter |
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| ZHOU Yinghao,WU Zhengang,MAO Sen,WANG Yanan,FENG Man,YU Bin,XU Yiran,WU Xian,GUO Jianjun,QIU Dianrui.Comparison of Environmental Quality of Cowhouses with Different Building Types in North Hebei Province in Winter[J].Acta Ecologae Animalis Domastici,2021,42(2). |
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| Authors: | ZHOU Yinghao WU Zhengang MAO Sen WANG Yanan FENG Man YU Bin XU Yiran WU Xian GUO Jianjun QIU Dianrui |
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| Institution: | (Chengde Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Chengde,Hebei 067000,China;Longhua Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Longhua,Hebei 068150,China) |
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| Abstract: | To study the internal and external environmental quality of dairy cow houses of different building types in cold region of north Hebei province and provide reference for design and improvement of cowhouse in this region,three cow houses with typical building types(House A with high-rise roof,large transverse span,poor closure condition,House B with low-rise roof,small transverse span,good closure condition,House C with high-rise roof,large transverse span,general closure condition)in cold region of north Hebei province were selected to test the environmental temperature,relative humidity,wind speed,inner surface temperature of enclosure structure(walls,floors,roofs),PM2.5,PM10,bacteria,NH3,CO2content,light intensity,noise intensity and other indicators inside and outside the houses and to objectively evaluate the environmental quality of each house.The results showed that environmental quality conditions outside the houses were similar,only NH3and CO2content had some differences,but environmental quality conditions inside the houses were quite different.House A had the highest wind speed in winter(P<0.05),the average temperature,roof temperature,relative humidity,PM2.5,PM10,bacteria,CO2,and NH3content in air were all significantly lower than those of other houses(P<0.05).The temperature of walls and ground and natural light intensity were all significantly lower than those of House B(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference with House C(P>0.05).House B had the lowest wind speed in winter(P<0.05),the average temperature,temperature of walls,ground,and roof,natural light intensity,relative humidity,PM2.5,PM10,bacteria,CO2,NH3content in air were all significantly higher than those of other houses(P<0.05).House C had the lowest artificial light intensity(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in noise intensity among each house(P>0.05).It is concluded that to improve the environmental quality of cow houses,heat preservation and ventilation in winter should be taken into consideration in design,transformation and management of cow houses in cold region of north Hebei province. |
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| Keywords: | cold region of north Hebei province cow house winter environmental quality |
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