| 旅游干扰对呼伦贝尔景区草地植物群落及土壤线虫群落多样性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 旅游干扰对呼伦贝尔景区草地植物群落及土壤线虫群落多样性的影响.旅游干扰对呼伦贝尔景区草地植物群落及土壤线虫群落多样性的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2021,42(4):83-88. |
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| 作者姓名： | 旅游干扰对呼伦贝尔景区草地植物群落及土壤线虫群落多样性的影响 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010018;2.呼伦贝尔学院农林学院,内蒙古 呼伦贝尔 021000 |
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| 基金项目： | 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2018MS03044）; 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2017MS0328） |
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| 摘 要： | 目的]研究旅游活动对呼伦贝尔市呼和诺尔景区植物群落及土壤线虫群落多样性的影响。方法]依据游客聚集程度及草地植被踩踏状况,将景区分为重度干扰区、中度干扰区、轻度干扰区、围封区;比较4个不同旅游干扰区域草地植物的群落高度、多度、盖度,以及土壤线虫的种类、数量、群落多样性。结果]重度干扰区的Margarlef丰富度指数和Simpson优势度指数与其他3个区域均存在显著（P<0.05）差异,重度干扰区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与中度干扰区、轻度干扰区存在显著（P<0.05）差异。共分离土壤线虫6 444条,56属,平均密度为437条/100 g干土;食细菌线虫、食真菌线虫、植物寄生线虫、杂食/捕食线虫的数量分别占分离线虫总量的56.24%、20.79%、18.72%、4.25%;重度干扰区、中度干扰区、轻度干扰区、围封区分离出的线虫优势属的个体数分别占各自区域内线虫总捕获个体数的70.17%、67.47%、39.72%、48.42%。围封区0~10 cm土层线虫数量显著（P<0.05）高于其他3个区域,轻度干扰区、围封区土壤线虫属数显著（P<0.05）高于重度干扰区及中度干扰区;0~10 cm及10~20 cm土层轻度干扰区土壤线虫多样性指数H′值显著（P<0.05）高于其他3个区域;0~10 cm土层围封区土壤线虫MI值显著（P<0.05）高于其他3个区域;0~10 cm土层围封区NCR值显著（P<0.05）低于其他3个区域;围封区BI值显著（P<0.05）高于重度干扰区。结论]旅游活动改变了该景区内草地植物群落的组成以及多样性,对土壤线虫群落的数量、多样性及功能结构产生了影响。适度的人为干扰有利于植物及土壤线虫群落的正向演替,围封处理有利于退化草原的恢复。重度旅游干扰的草原旅游活动对植物多样性和土壤线虫多样性有明显的负面效应,需要进行管控及土壤恢复。
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| 关 键 词： | 植物群落 土壤线虫群落 生物多样性指标 草原旅游 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-06-02 |
Effects of Tourism Disturbance on Diversity of Plant and Soil Nematode Communities in Grassland of a Scenic Spot in Hulun Buir City |
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| LI Zhi-mei,Haitang,CHEN Yang,Wurenqiqige.Effects of Tourism Disturbance on Diversity of Plant and Soil Nematode Communities in Grassland of a Scenic Spot in Hulun Buir City[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2021,42(4):83-88. |
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| Authors: | LI Zhi-mei Haitang CHEN Yang Wurenqiqige |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Grassland,Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;2. College of Agriculture and Forestry,Hulun Buir University,Hulun Buir 021000,China |
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| Abstract: | Objective] To assess the effects of tourism activities on diversity of plant and soil nematode communities in Huhenuoer scenic spot in Hulun Buir City. Method] According to the tourists′ aggregation degree and the vegetations′ trampling status of the grassland in the scenic spot, four experimental areas were set, including a severe disturbance area, a moderate disturbance area, a mild disturbance area, and a fenced area. The height, abundance and coverage of the plant community as well as the species, quantity and diversity of the soil nematode community among the four tourism disturbance areas were statistically compared. Result]There were significant （P<0.05） differences in Margalef richness index and Simpson dominance index among severe disturbance area and the remaining areas, and significant （P<0.05） differences in Shannon-Wiener diversity index among severe disturbance area and moderate disturbance area, mild disturbance area were observed. A total of 6 444 soil nematodes belonging to 56 genera were isolated, with an average density of 437 nematodes per 100 g dried soil; the isolated number of bacterial-feeding nematodes, fungal-feeding nematodes, plant parasitic nematodes and predatory/omnivorous nematodes accounted for 56.24%, 20.79%, 18.72% and 4.25% of the total number of the captured nematodes, respectively; the number of individuals of the dominant nematode′ genera isolated from severe disturbance area, moderate disturbance area, mild disturbance area and fenced area accounted for 70.17 %, 67.47 %, 39.72 % and 48.42 % of the total number of the captured nematodes in the corresponding areas, respectively. For the 0-10 cm soil layer, the number of the isolated nematodes in fenced area was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in the remaining areas, and the number of the captured nematodes′genera in moderate disturbance area and fenced area was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in severe disturbance area and moderate disturbance area; the value of the diversity index H′ in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers in mild disturbance area was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that in the remaining areas; for the 0-10 cm soil layer, fenced area had significantly （P<0.05） higher MI value and significantly （P<0.05） lower NCR value compared with the remaining areas, and had significantly （P<0.05） higher BI value compared with severe disturbance area. Conclusion] The tourism activities change the composition and diversity of the plant community in grassland of the scenic spot, and have impacts on quantity, diversity and functional structure of the soil nematode community. Moderate human disturbance is conducive to the positive succession of plant and soil nematode communities, and fencing is conducive to the restoration of degraded grassland. The grassland tourism activities with severe disturbance have obvious negative effects on diversity of plant and soil nematode communities, and relevant tourism control and soil restoration measures are necessary. |
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| Keywords: | plant community soil nematode community biodiversity index grassland tourism |
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