| 3种尾菜饲料化利用技术研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨富民,张克平,杨 敏.3种尾菜饲料化利用技术研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(4):491-495. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨富民 张克平 杨 敏 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北大学城市与环境学院 西安 710127;西北大学城市与环境学院 西安 710127;陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院 西安 710062 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41101555, 41201464)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 蔬菜商品化处理产生的尾菜,已成为蔬菜产区污染源。为了解决环境污染,探寻资源化利用途径,针对尾菜量大集中、水分含量高、易腐烂变质等特点,采用畜禽粗饲料制粒和制块工艺,研制了由清洗、打浆、压滤、水处理、混合、制粒及制块单元组成的尾菜饲料化生产线,并利用单因素和正交试验对主要设备工艺参数及尾菜生产畜禽颗粒及蜂窝块状粗饲料辅料配比进行了优化。结果表明,清洗、打浆为粒径约10.0 mm的白菜、莲花菜、芹菜商品化处理产生的尾菜,在气泡清洗机输送带运行速度分别为6~7 m·min-1、7~8m·min-1、8~9 m·min-1,芹菜使用单丝滤布、白菜和莲花菜使用涤纶750B滤布,在隔膜压榨压力0.05~0.06 MPa,时间20 min的条件下,尾菜饼含水率可降至35.0%,与占尾菜饼量12.5%的膨润土、10.0%次粉、15.0%稻壳粉、3.0%玉米蛋白粉混合,制粒及压块平均成型率为94.67%,吨料电耗22.0 kW·h-1·t-1,粗饲料密度920.0 kg·m-3,坚实度82.0%,均匀度95.0%,含水率10.0%,粗纤维10.3%,粗蛋白9.6%,粗灰分31.0%。生产应用表明,研制的尾菜饲料化生产线操作简单、高效、经济实用,具有自动化程度高等特点;生产的粗饲料营养丰富、适口性好、耐储存。尾菜饲料化利用技术,适合于蔬菜商品化处理、蔬菜精加工生产基地以及大型农贸市场等对尾菜治污和资源化利用。
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| 关 键 词： | 尾菜 资源化利用 粗饲料加工 生产线 |
| 收稿时间： | 2013/11/15 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 1/5/2013 12:00:00 AM |
Study on feed product technology for three different vegetable residues |
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| YANG Fumin,ZHANG Keping and YANG Min.Study on feed product technology for three different vegetable residues[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2014,22(4):491-495. |
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| Authors: | YANG Fumin ZHANG Keping and YANG Min |
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| Institution: | College of Urban and Environment, Northwest University,Xi'an 710127, China;College of Urban and Environment, Northwest University,Xi'an 710127, China;College of Tourism and Environment Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China |
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| Abstract: | As a populous nation, improve grain production capacity along with rational use and protection of cultivated land resources has posed a considerable challenge in domestic agriculture and land related research in China. Higher NPP for cultivated lands has suggested the existence of more organic biomass. This has been critical for the final production of food crops in the country. It was therefore likely for research on NPP to provide the basis for resolving food security issues. Functional zoning has been the commonly used method to guarantee sustainable use of land. Presently, however, heavily fragmented research merely described real supply of cultivated lands. A deeper understand on the potential reserves of cultivated lands was needed in this regard. Based on remote sensing observation, it is possible to have statistics of the output of a large number of cultivated lands within a short time. Compared with the yearbook data, remote sensing observation has advantages including timeliness and spatial precision. Remote sensing observations have therefore been strongly supplemental to statistical data. NPP estimated by remote sensing was used as crop biomass in cultivated lands instead of the traditional calculations based statistics data. Cultivated land in the Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Region (GTER) was zoned by using neural network algorithm model and remote sensing data in 2001-2009 substituting for statistic crop yield data. Then the wavelet neural network was used to predict the NPP in the zoned regions. Three results were eventually attained. 1) From 2002 to 2009, total estimated NPP per year in GTER was 1.6×107 t. It showed large variation patterns between estimated NPP data and statistics grain data for cultivated lands in GTER. This suggested statistical and remote sensing data were not substitutable for one another. As clustering function was unknown, zoning via estimated NPP data reflected a more universal adaptability than via statistical data. 2) The final zonal type relatively corresponsed with common cognitions in the study area. It was important to emphasize counties in central GTER and Weihe River Valley (WRV) in the agriculture development of GTER. It was also important for government to set up precision agriculture and agricultural integration in these zones. 3) The prediction calculation by the wavelet neural network showed higher per unit area NPP as the principal trend in 2010 to 2015. Because of the reflected fluctuation patterns varied considerably for different data, it was important to note the differences in data sources and find the driving factors for the reflection of different pressures in cultivated lands. The discussions on data errors suggested that remote sensing data and statistical data should be compared in the study. As rapidly enhancing total crops biomass increase was difficult in the short term, the most effective way of remitting pressure on croplands was to improve use ratio of crop bio-energy. |
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| Keywords: | Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Region Cultivated land zoning Net primary productivity Decoupling analyses Neural network Remote sensing |
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