| 乌饭树果实大小的地理变异研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘仁林,胡明娇,李江,刘江华.乌饭树果实大小的地理变异研究[J].经济林研究,2016(3):114-120. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘仁林 胡明娇 李江 刘江华 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 赣南师范大学 生命与环境科学学院,江西 赣州,341000;2. 江西省萍乡市林业科学研究所,江西 萍乡,337000;3. 江西省林业科学研究院,江西 南昌,330032 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家林业公益性行业专项“南方特色浆果红花乌饭良种选育及快繁技术研究”(201304804)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 乌饭树广泛分布于我国亚热带丘陵—低山地区,是中国民间传统的健康食品"乌饭"的原料,其浆果酸甜可口,营养丰富,含有多种有益于人体健康的成分。为给乌饭树的选优育种提供科学依据,主要收集了江西的会昌、龙南、瑞金、井冈山、萍乡和湖南的浏阳与江苏的宜兴等不同纬度地区的乌饭树果实,采用统计分析的研究方法,对其果实大小和质量进行了测定,并就其地理遗传变异规律进行了分析。结果表明:1乌饭树的果实属于小浆果类型,平均直径为0.790 2 cm,种子的千粒质量为0.698 g;乌饭树果实的直径(y)与质量(x)具有显著的线性回归关系:y=0.603x-0.241。2方差分析结果表明:混合采集的果实大小在南北不同纬度地区之间没有明显差异,而优树果实大小在南北不同纬度地区之间却有显著差异,这说明植物个体具有相对独立的遗传背景特征。3在南北不同纬度地区混合采集的乌饭树果实其大小(直径)与环境因子间没有明显的线性关系;而优树果实的大小与环境因子的多元线性回归分析结果却表明,果实大小与年平均气温(x_2)、无霜期(x_4)之间具有显著的线性关系:y=-0.038x_2+0.004x_4+0.674。文中综合分析认为,井冈山、龙南、萍乡这3个地区是选育大果类型乌饭优树时应该特别关注的地区。
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| 关 键 词： | 乌饭树 果实大小 地理变异 |
Study on geographic variation of fruit sizes in Vaccinium bracteatum |
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| Abstract: | Vaccinium bracteatum distributes widely in subtropical hilly and low mountains areas of China. Berry in V. bracteatum is a nutrition-rich and healthful food, and is most commonly used to eat as a traditional food in Chinese folks. In order to provide some scientific basis for selecting an breeding in V. bracteatum, fruits were collected from Jiangxi province (Huichang, Longnan, Ruijin, Jinggang Mountain, Pingxiang), Hunan province (Liuyang), and Jiangsu province (Yixing), fruit sizes and mass were determined, and the law of geographic variation was analyzed. The results showed that the fruit was of a type of small berry, average diameter of fruits was 0.790 2 cm, average mass of 1 000 seeds was 0.698 g. Diameter (y) and mass (x) of the fruit had significant relation of linear regression, and the equation was y = 0.603x -0.241. The results of variance analysis showed that sizes of the mixed fruits had no obvious differences among the areas at different latitudes, and fruit sizes from superior trees had significant differences among the areas at different latitudes, which indicated individual plant in V. bracteatum had a independent inheritance background. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that sizes of the mixed fruits collected from different latitudes had no significant linear regression relation with environment factors, and fruit sizes from superior trees had significant multiple linear regression relation with environment factors, for example, annual average temperature (x2) and frost free period (x4), and the linear regression equation was y = - 0.038x2 + 0.004x4 + 0.674. In a word, selecting and breeding of V. bracteatum plants with large fruit type should paid attention to the areas of Jinggang Mountain, Longnan and Pingxiang. |
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| Keywords: | Vaccinium bracteatum fruit size geographic variation |
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