Responses of native Lupinus varius (L.) to culture conditions: effects of photoperiod and sowing time on growth and flowering characteristics |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey;2. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey;3. Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey;1. Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003 China;2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Xinxiang 453003 China;1. Astrophysical Sciences Division, Nuclear Research Laboratory, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Zakura, Srinagar 190006, India;2. Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India;1. Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7609, USA;2. Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;3. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile;4. Agroaysén company, Coyhaique, Chile;1. Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003 China;2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Xinxiang 453003, China |
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| Abstract: | The effects of photoperiod and sowing time on growth and flowering characteristics of Lupinus varius were investigated during two growing periods to determine its responses to culture conditions as a potential native cut-flower crop. The seeds were sown in an unheated plastic greenhouse on 28 September, 28 October and 28 November under natural, 14- and 16-h day-length treatments. 14- and 16-h day-lengths were established by lengthening the natural day-lengths to 14 and 16 h with the use of night break photoperiodic lighting at 1.8–1.9 μmol m−2 s−1 in 400–700 nm. Photoperiodic lighting, in particular the 16-h day-length treatments, slightly (maximally 15 days) shortened days to flowering and increased plant height in all sowing times relative to natural photoperiods. There were no significant differences in stem and branch inflorescence diameters, in lengths of branch, in main and branch inflorescences in plants grown under natural photoperiod, and 16-h day-length treatments. The highest main inflorescence diameter, the number of branches per plant, and flower numbers on main and branch inflorescences were recorded in plants grown under natural photoperiods, whereas 14-h day-length treatments did not provide sufficient specimens to allow for the measurement of most of the characteristics studied. These findings were interpreted to indicate that L. varius behaves as a facultative long day plant. Additionally, there was a particular shortening of days to flower and growth, and flowering quality decreased linearly with delayed sowing dates under all photoperiodic treatments. The earliest and latest flowering dates were recorded for plants sown in September under 16-h day-length, and plants sown in November under natural photoperiods, respectively. Therefore, sowing in September under natural photoperiods or 16-h artificial day-length resulted in earlier flowering dates and a longer time from sowing to flowering and was consequently the best sowing time with respect to all of the characteristics considered in this study. |
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