Safflower yield,chlorophyll content,photosynthesis, and water use efficiency response to nitrogen fertilization under rainfed conditions |
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| Authors: | Christos A Dordas Christos Sioulas |
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| Institution: | 1. Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, UNIOESTE, Rua Universitária, 2069, Bairro Faculdade, Cascavel CEP 85819-130, PR, Brazil;2. Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal, Botucatu CEP 18603-970, SP, Brazil;1. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia;2. USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA;3. European Commission, JRC, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy;1. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China;2. Department of irrigation and drainage, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China;1. Irrigation Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;2. Drouth Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a deep-rooted crop which can tolerate water stress and can be grown in rotation with other crop species. Nitrogen is very important for the growth and yield of safflower, however, the effect of N level on chlorophyll content, assimilation rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, substomatal CO2 concentration, and water use efficiency (WUE) have not been determined. A 2-year field study was conducted with the objective to determine the effect of N fertilization on yield, yield components, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, and WUE of safflower grown under rainfed conditions. Three rates of N were used (0, 100, and 200 kg N ha?1) and two hybrids (CW9048 and CW9050). N fertilization increased seed yield by an average of 19%, the seed weight per plant by 60%, the seed weight per head by 18%, the number of heads per plant by 32%, and the number of seeds per plant by 41% compared with the control. N level also affected chlorophyll content, N concentration at anthesis, protein, and oil yield. N application increased assimilation rate by an average of 51%, stomatal conductance of water vapour by an average of 27%, and WUE by an average of 60% over the 2 years of the study when compared to the control. The present study indicates that N fertilization can affect yield, yield components, photosynthetic efficiency, and physiology of safflower under rainfed conditions. |
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