Diapause disruption with tebufenozide for early-instar control of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana |
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| Authors: | Doucet Daniel Frisco Caroline Cusson Michel Bauce Eric Palli Subba Reddy Tomkins Bill Arif Basil Retnakaran Arthur |
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| Institution: | Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 2E5, Canada. Dan.Doucet@nrcan.gc.ca |
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| Abstract: | In North America, the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem., is an important coniferous pest against which tebufenozide has proven effective as a control product. By acting as an ecdysone agonist, tebufenozide can induce precocious moulting in late (fifth-sixth) instars but can also be carried over to the next generation owing to its persistence on foliage. The authors conducted laboratory experiments on first-instar larvae treated with tebufenozide dissolved in acetone. Larvae exposed to doses equal to or above 0.1 microg cm(-2) displayed precocious moulting in the second instar after hibernaculum spinning, which effectively disrupted diapause. Larger doses induced moulting in first instars. Evidence is provided that this dose-response difference is related to whether or not an effective dose of tebufenozide is ingested by the first instar prior to the peak of moulting hormone (20-hydroxyecdysone) in first instars. Doses ineffective to kill first instars are carried over to the second instar, where they induce a precocious moult. This type of response to tebufenozide is dependent on the presence of a moulting machinery (the EcR-USP receptor complex) that is ready for ecdysone transduction. Interestingly, ecdysone levels are low in second instars, as measured by a radioimmunoassay, which suggests that diapause in spruce budworm is maintained by a suppression of ecdysone production. Thus, diapause disruption by tebufenozide may well provide an alternative control strategy for this important pest. |
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| Keywords: | diapause eastern spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana tebufenozide 20‐hydroxyecdysone 20E CHR3 |
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