| 发酵豆粕、肉骨粉及其混合物替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长、血清生化指标和肠道组织学的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 卞宇豪,杨航,许晓莹,林夏,曹凯林,李小勤,冷向军.发酵豆粕、肉骨粉及其混合物替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长、血清生化指标和肠道组织学的影响[J].水产学报,2022,46(10):1813-1823. |
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| 作者姓名： | 卞宇豪 杨航 许晓莹 林夏 曹凯林 李小勤 冷向军 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海海洋大学,上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海海洋大学 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新—水产养殖动物新型蛋白源开发与高效饲料研制”( 2019YFD0900203) |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究2种蛋白源单一和混合替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道组织学的影响，实验用发酵豆粕（FSM）、肉骨粉（MBM）和发酵豆粕+肉骨粉（FSM+MBM）混合物（1:1）等蛋白替代基础饲料（含鱼粉350 g/kg）中150 g/kg的鱼粉，使鱼粉含量降为200 g/kg，共配制成4种等氮等脂的实验饲料，记为FM（对照组）、FSM、MBM和FSM+MBM组，投喂初始体质量为（21.2 ± 0.1）g的大口黑鲈8周。结果显示，与对照组相比，各替代组的增重率均无显著差异，但FSM组的增重率显著低于FSM+MBM组。此外，FSM组的饲料系数较对照组和MBM组显著升高。各组在全鱼成分（水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分）和干物质消化率、蛋白质消化率以及蛋白质沉积率上无显著差异，而FSM组的蛋白质效率和脂肪沉积率显著低于对照组。此外，FSM组的血清谷草转氨酶显著增加，而血清总抗氧化能力以及超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶活性显著降低。在前肠形态学方面，各替代组的绒毛宽度均显著低于对照组，FSM组的绒毛高度、肌层厚度以及绒毛长度显著高于对照组。以上结果表明，在鱼粉含量为350 g/kg的饲料中，肉骨粉、发酵豆粕+肉骨粉混合物可以有效替代150 g/kg的鱼粉（鱼粉含量降至200 g/kg），不会影响大口黑鲈的生长性能、营养物质利用率、抗氧化能力、非特异性免疫和肠道健康，发酵豆粕+肉骨粉混合物替代鱼粉的效果优于发酵豆粕。本研究结果可为大口黑鲈饲料中蛋白源的开发和低鱼粉饲料的配制提供依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 发酵豆粕 肉骨粉 大口黑鲈 生长性能 营养物质利用 血清生化指标 肠道组织学 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/11/11 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021/12/23 0:00:00 |
Effects of replacing dietary fish meal with fermented soybean meal, meat and bone meal and their mixture on growth, serum biochemical indices and intestinal histology of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) |
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| Yuhao BIAN,Hang YANG,Xiaoying XU,Xia LIN,Kailin CAO,Xiaoqin LI,Xiangjun LENG.Effects of replacing dietary fish meal with fermented soybean meal, meat and bone meal and their mixture on growth, serum biochemical indices and intestinal histology of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2022,46(10):1813-1823. |
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| Authors: | Yuhao BIAN Hang YANG Xiaoying XU Xia LIN Kailin CAO Xiaoqin LI Xiangjun LENG |
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| Institution: | Shanghai Ocean University,,,,,,Shanghai Ocean University |
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| Abstract: | This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal with two protein sources individual or in combination on the growth performance, serum biochemical indices and intestinal histology of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Fermented soybean meal (FSM), meat and bone meal (MBM) and FSM + MBM mixture (1:1) were used to replace 150 g/kg fish meal in the control diet containing 350 g/kg fish meal, to form four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets. Then, the four diets were fed to M. salmoides with initial body weight of (21.2 ± 0.1) g for 8 weeks. Compared with the control group, the weight gain (WG) in the three fish meal-replaced groups showed no significant difference, but the WG in FSM group was lower than that in FSM+MBM group (P<0.05). Moreover, the feed conversion ratio of FSM group was significantly higher than that of the control and MBM groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the whole body composition (moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and crude ash contents), dry matter digestibility, protein digestibility and protein retention among all the groups, but the protein efficiency ratio and lipid retention were decreased by dietary FSM. In terms of serum biochemical indicators, FSM group displayed higher aspartate aminotransferase activity and lower total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase as well as lysozyme activity than those of the control group. In foregut morphology, the intestinal villus width was reduced in all the fish meal-replaced groups, but the villus height, muscle thickness and villus circumferences in FSM group were promoted when compared to the control group. Overall, in a diet containing 350 g/kg fish meal, MBM and FSM+MBM mixture could replace 150 g/kg fish meal without negative effects on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and intestinal health, and FSM+MBM mixture showed better effects than FSM in replacing fish meal for M. salmoide. |
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| Keywords: | fermented soybean meal meat and bone meal Micropterus salmoides growth performance nutrient utilization serum biochemical indices intestinal morphology |
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