Improved attachment and parasitism of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichoderma</Emphasis> on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Meloidogyne javanica</Emphasis> in vitro |
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| Authors: | Edna Sharon Ilan Chet Yitzhak Spiegel |
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| Institution: | (1) Nematology Division, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet-Dagan, 50250, Israel;(2) Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel |
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| Abstract: | Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that bind to eggs and/or second-stage juveniles of the nematode Meloidogyne javanica were tested for their effects on the parasitic interactions between this nematode and the fungus Trichoderma. Parasitism of Trichoderma asperellum-203 and Trichoderma atroviride on nematode egg masses, eggs and juveniles was enhanced when antibodies were incorporated into in vitro parasitism bioassays.
Parasitism on separated eggs (without gelatinous matrix) and their hatched juveniles was also improved, compared to controls
without antibodies that did not attach fungal conidia. Improved parasitism could be due to bilateral binding of the antibodies
to the nematodes and conidia, enabling better conidial attachment to the nematodes. Enhanced germination of antibody-bound
conidia further improved parasitism. Differences were observed among antibodies in their effects on fungal parasitism and
their interaction with Trichoderma species. We focused mainly on the egg- and juvenile-binding monoclonal antibody MISC that exhibited a stronger reaction with
T. asperellum-203 than with T. atroviride. Pretreatment of this antibody with fucose inhibited its binding to nematodes and conidial attachment to nematodes, as well
as conidial agglutination in the presence of the antibody. Antibody binding to juveniles affected their movement and viability,
especially gelatinous matrix-originated juveniles. The fucose-specific lectin Ulex europaeus-I enhanced conidial attachment to nematode life-stages, and conidial agglutination occurred in its presence. These phenomena
were inhibited by preincubating lectin with fucose. Our results suggest that carbohydrate residues, such as fucose, on the
surface of the nematode and fungal conidia are involved in the antibody- and lectin-mediated improved parasitism. |
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| Keywords: | Antibodies Biological control Carbohydrates Lectin |
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