Identification of artichoke SSR markers: molecular variation and patterns of diversity in genetically cohesive taxa and wild allies |
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| Authors: | Gabriella Sonnante Anna Vittoria Carluccio Angelo De Paolis Domenico Pignone |
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| Institution: | (1) National Research Council (CNR) – Institute of Plant Genetics, Via Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;(2) CNR – Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Sez. di Lecce, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy |
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| Abstract: | A set of 24 microsatellite markers was identified in the artichoke genome, using various approaches. A genomic library allowed
the development of 14 SSR markers, whereas the other 10 were obtained from gene intron/UTR regions or from other species.
Allelic variation was scored in C. cardunculus (artichoke, cultivated cardoon, and wild cardoon) samples, and in other wild Cynara allies. For the 23 polymorphic loci, a total of 165 alleles were scored, 135 of which in the artichoke primary genepool,
and the remaining ones in the other Cynara species. Some allele combinations were able to identify artichoke varietal types, and some alleles were unique to specific
groups. This makes these markers potentially useful in product traceability and in contributing to the saturation of genetic
maps. The percentage of shared alleles between C. cardunculus taxonomic groups, and Nei’s genetic distances indicated that wild cardoons from the Eastern Mediterranean were more closely
related to artichoke and less to cultivated cardoon in comparison to wild cardoons from the Western Mediterranean, and the
genetic distance between the two wild cardoon genepools was rather high. The UPGMA dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distances
revealed that artichokes formed a fairly defined cluster, whereas Eastern wild cardoons occupied another branch, and Western
wild cardoons were clustered together with cultivated cardoons. The transferability of microsatellite markers to other Cynara wild species was quite good. Sequencing alleles at three loci showed that, apart from microsatellite length variation, point
mutations and insertion/deletions were quite abundant especially when comparing C. cardunculus to the other Cynara species. In the sequenced regions, some SNPs were identified which distinguished artichoke on one side, and cultivated and
wild cardoon on the other, while other SNPs were apportioned according to the geographic distribution of Cynara wild species. |
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| Keywords: | Artichoke Cardoon Cynara Genetic diversity Microsatellites Wild relatives |
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