| 不同N、P、K配比对小麦、玉米光合生理及周年水分利用的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨永辉,武继承,潘晓莹,张洁梅,韩伟锋,王喆,王越,何方.不同N、P、K配比对小麦、玉米光合生理及周年水分利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):54-59. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨永辉 武继承 潘晓莹 张洁梅 韩伟锋 王喆 王越 何方 |
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| 作者单位： | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南 郑州 450002;农业部作物高效用水科学观测实验站,河南 原阳 453514 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家863计划项目(2013AA102904)，公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203077)，国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B07)，国家自然科学基金项目(U1404404)，河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金(2016YQ12) |
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| 摘 要： | 为探明不同N、P、K配比在等灌水量条件下对小麦、玉米光合生理特征及周年水分利用的机理,采用大田实验,研究了不同N、P、K配比对小麦、玉米光合生理、产量及水分利用等的影响。结果表明:在小麦、玉米关键生育期进行适量灌水并进行追肥,促进了小麦、玉米对水分和养分的吸收,实现水肥同步,改善其光合生理特征,促进节水增产。不同处理均显著提高了小麦和玉米的光合速率和叶片水分利用效率,且均以N3P2K2处理的光合速率和叶片水分利用效率最高(小麦分别为16.59μmol·m~(-2)·s-1和36.07μmol·mmol-1,玉米分别为29.26μmol·m~(-2)·s-1和27.1μmol·mmol-1)。同时,不同N、P、K配比均提高了小麦、玉米的成产要素。最终,以N2P2K2和N3P2K2处理的增产和节水效果最佳,其小麦、玉米单产和二者总产均高于其它处理,其小麦、玉米总产量分别较对照提高了30.3%和26.8%,周年水分利用效率分别较对照提高了30.5%和27.4%。而从经济的角度考虑,本文推荐的N、P、K配比为N2P2K2。
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| 关 键 词： | 养分配比 等灌水量 小麦 玉米 光合速率 水分利用效率 |
Photosynthetic parameters and water use efficiency of wheat and maize under different rates of N, P and K |
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| YANG Yong-hui,WU Ji-cheng,PAN Xiao-ying,ZHANG Jie-mei,HAN Wei-feng,WANG Zhe,WANG Yue,HE Fang.Photosynthetic parameters and water use efficiency of wheat and maize under different rates of N, P and K[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2016,34(3):54-59. |
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| Authors: | YANG Yong-hui WU Ji-cheng PAN Xiao-ying ZHANG Jie-mei HAN Wei-feng WANG Zhe WANG Yue HE Fang |
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| Institution: | Institute of Plant Nutrition & Resource Environment, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China,Institute of Plant Nutrition & Resource Environment, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China,Institute of Plant Nutrition & Resource Environment, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China,Institute of Plant Nutrition & Resource Environment, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China,Institute of Plant Nutrition & Resource Environment, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China,Institute of Plant Nutrition & Resource Environment, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China,Institute of Plant Nutrition & Resource Environment, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China and Institute of Plant Nutrition & Resource Environment, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, Henan 453514, China |
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| Abstract: | Field experiment was conducted to explore the mechanism of photosynthesis and water use efficiency of wheat and maize, under different N, P, and K rates of the same irrigation condition. The results showed that: the reasonable irrigation and fertilization in key growth stage of wheat and maize can promote and synchronize the water and nutrient uptake, improve the photosynthetic physiological characteristics, promote water-saving and increase crop yield. Different N, P, and K treatments significantly increased photosynthetic rate and leaf water use efficiency, And the photosynthetic rate and leaf water use efficiency of N3P2K2 treatment was the highest. Meanwhile, different ratios of N, P, and K nutrition increased the yield component of wheat and maize. Finally, the water use efficiency and yield were the best for N2P2K2 and N3P2K2 treatments. However, the recommended NPK ratio for high profit was N2P2K2. |
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| Keywords: | nutrient ratio irrigation amount wheat maize water use efficiency |
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