| 薄面光折射式小麦种子流多通道并行检测装置设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐春保,刘靖怡,苏清茂,靳伟,王登辉,王万超,丁幼春.薄面光折射式小麦种子流多通道并行检测装置设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(18):81-91. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐春保 刘靖怡 苏清茂 靳伟 王登辉 王万超 丁幼春 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 华中农业大学工学院，武汉 430070；2. 农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室，武汉 430070 |
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| 摘 要： | 针对小麦高速播种作业过程中高频排种种子流精准检测困难的问题，该研究设计了一套薄面光折射式小麦种子流多通道并行检测装置。基于将高通量变为低通量多通道并行同步检测的思路，设计了种子流分流结构。根据小麦种子物理特性，在已有传感原理的基础上，提出了一种"LED灯珠+窄缝"产生薄面光层，结合凸透镜折射原理扩大有效检测面积的方法，通过光路分析和窄缝尺寸分析确定了凸透镜焦距、薄面LED窄缝尺寸及传感元器件关键参数。利用多通道并行检测传感原理，设计了多路信号同步采集系统。为提升检测准确率，建立检测准确率-排种频率之间的关系，通过分析检测装置的误差规律，构建了准确率补偿模型。台架试验表明：排种器转速在80～180 r/min时，田间正常排种频率范围为52.10～321.55 Hz，检测准确率均高于96.68%。田间播种试验表明：在2～9 km/h的小麦播种机作业速度下，田间排种频率为67.65～323.95 Hz，检测装置检测准确率高于95.28%。检测装置能够检测排种器的排种频率、各通道排种量、排种总量。正常田间小麦播种作业中机械振动、强光照和土壤粉尘对检测装置没有明显影响。该检测装置可为小麦高速播种作业中高频种子流精准检测、漏播检测以及补种提供有效支撑。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业机械 设计 试验 小麦种子流 多通道 并行检测 多路信号同步采集系统 精准计数 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/8/26 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/8/26 0:00:00 |
Design and experiment of the wheat seed flow multi-channel parallel detection device with thin-surface light refraction |
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| Xu Chunbao,Liu Jingyi,Su Qingmao,Jin Wei,Wang Denghui,Wang Wanchao,Ding Youchun.Design and experiment of the wheat seed flow multi-channel parallel detection device with thin-surface light refraction[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2022,38(18):81-91. |
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| Authors: | Xu Chunbao Liu Jingyi Su Qingmao Jin Wei Wang Denghui Wang Wanchao Ding Youchun |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: A seed metering device is closely related to the sowing quantity and crop yield in the planting process. Various detection methods have been used to improve the seeding performance for corn, and soybean precision seeding in recent years, such as photoelectric sensor detection, high-speed photography, and capacitance sensing. However, it is difficult to accurately count the high-frequency seed flow in the process of high-speed wheat sowing. In this study, a set of multi-channel parallel detection device was designed for the wheat seed flow with thin-surface light refraction. A "LED lamp beads + narrow slots" method was also proposed to generate the thin-surface light layer, in order to combine the convex lens refraction for the large effective detection area. According to the physical characteristics of wheat seeds, the seed stream shunt structure and the thin-surface LED narrow slot size were designed to determine the convex lens focal length and the key parameters of the sensing components. The multi-channel parallel detection and sensing were utilized to develop a multi-channel signal synchronous acquisition system for the multi-channel parallel detection device of the wheat seed flow with thin-surface light refraction. The seeding accuracy rate and frequency test was conducted to improve the detection accuracy. Among them, the error rule of the detection device was analyzed to construct the accuracy compensation model. The bench test showed that the normal seeding frequency range was 52.10~321.55Hz in the field, and the detection accuracy was not less than 96.68%, when the rotation speed of the seed metering device was 80~180r/min. The comparison test showed that high reliability was achieved with a detection accuracy of not less than 96.64%, when the seeding frequency was not more than 32.75Hz. The detection accuracy rate of the single-channel detection device decreased significantly in the frequency range of 49.40~320.75Hz during seed metering in the field, with the increase of seeding frequency. There was a stable detection accuracy rate of the multi-channel parallel detection device. Specifically, the minimum detection accuracy rates were 26.67%, and 96.53%, respectively, for single and multi-channel parallel detection devices. It infers that the multi-channel parallel detection improved the detection accuracy rate of wheat seeds after shunting. The field sowing test showed that the normal seeding frequency in the field was 67.65~323.95Hz at the operating speed of 2~9km/h, and the detection accuracy was higher than 95.28% in the detection device. Consequently, the detection device can be expected to detect the seeding frequency of the seeding device, the seeding amount of each channel, and the total seeding amount in real time. There was no influence of mechanical vibration, strong light, and soil dust on the detection device in the normal field wheat sowing. The detection device can provide effective support to accurately detect the high-frequency seed flow for the missed seeding detection and reseeding in high-speed wheat sowing. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural machinery design test wheat seed flow multichannel parallel detection multi-channel signal synchronous acquisition system accurate counting |
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