| 砒砂岩原状坡面不同季节复合侵蚀动力的贡献研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 付金霞,王静,张宝利,吴娟,杨玉春,肖培青,姚文艺.砒砂岩原状坡面不同季节复合侵蚀动力的贡献研究[J].农业工程学报,2020,36(11):66-73. |
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| 作者姓名： | 付金霞 王静 张宝利 吴娟 杨玉春 肖培青 姚文艺 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌 712100;黄河水利科学研究院,郑州 450003 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0504501）；国家自然科学基金项目（41807070，41761144060）；水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控 |
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| 摘 要： | 为揭示黄河中游砒砂岩区多动力复合侵蚀的季节变化特征,该研究融合野外原位观测、三维激光扫描仪技术和GIS等多研究手段,基于2018年3月—2019年4月砒砂岩裸坡上3个试验小区的各4期地形点云数据、坡面实测侵蚀量以及研究区气候数据,分析了砒砂岩水蚀、冻融侵蚀、风蚀的季节交互特征,并分离了各侵蚀动力对原状坡面的侵蚀贡献。3个试验小区为水力+冻融+风力复合侵蚀原状小区、水力+冻融复合侵蚀小区和冻融小区,尺寸均为12.5 m×2.5 m。结果表明,3月—6月、11月—翌年4月砒砂岩坡面侵蚀动力以冻融+风力为主,7—10月坡面侵蚀动力以水力为主。在3月—6月、7月—10月、11月—翌年4月3个时段中,水力+冻融+风力原状小区内侵蚀量比例分别为10.58%、76.61%和12.81%,水力+冻融复合侵蚀小区内侵蚀量比例分别为10.43%、78.57%和11%,冻融小区内侵蚀量比例分别为31.90%、28.65%和39.45%。3个时段中,对原状坡面而言,水力侵蚀的贡献率分别为21.85%、71.42%和11.12%,冻融侵蚀的贡献率分别为53.09%、6.58%和54.20%,风力侵蚀的贡献率分别为25.06%、21.99%和34.69%。在3月—6月、11月—翌年4月,冻融侵蚀量最大,水力侵蚀量最小;7月—10月,水力侵蚀量最大,冻融侵蚀量最小。在整个研究期,原状坡面侵蚀量中水蚀占58.45%、冻融和风蚀共占41.55%。2018年各侵蚀动力对坡面的影响程度由大到小依次为水力侵蚀、冻融侵蚀、风力侵蚀。研究结果可为砒砂岩区复合侵蚀综合治理提供理论依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 风 水 GIS 砒砂岩坡面 冻融 复合侵蚀 季节 三维激光扫描仪 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/1/2 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/5/10 0:00:00 |
Contributions of composite erosion forces on undisturbed Pisha sandstone slope in different seasons |
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| Fu Jinxi,Wang Jing,Zhang Baoli,Wu Juan,Yang Yuchun,Xiao Peiqing,Yao Wenyi.Contributions of composite erosion forces on undisturbed Pisha sandstone slope in different seasons[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2020,36(11):66-73. |
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| Authors: | Fu Jinxi Wang Jing Zhang Baoli Wu Juan Yang Yuchun Xiao Peiqing Yao Wenyi |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;;2.Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou 450003, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Soil erosion is very severe in Pisha sandstone area, located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in China, and the erosion modulus can reach 30 000-40 000 t/(km2?a). Although the Pisha sandstone area only accounts for 2% of the Yellow River basin, the coarse sediment (particle size > 0.05 mm) derived from this area accounts for 25% of the total sediment deposition in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The alternation and coupling effects of water erosion, wind erosion and freeze-thaw erosion has become important reasons for fragile ecological environment and serious soil erosion in this area. To reveal the seasonal variation characteristics of multi-dynamic composite erosion in Pisha sandstone area, this study analyzed the seasonal interaction characteristics of water erosion, wind erosion and freeze-thaw erosion on Pisha sandstone slope, and quantitatively determined the contribution of each erosion force to the original Pisha sandstone slope by integrating field observation in-situ, 3D laser scanner and GIS technologies. The data included the four-phase topographic point cloud data of three bare experimental plots from March 2018 to April 2019, the measured erosion amounts of each plot and meterological data of the study area. The three bare experimental plots were undisturbed plots with hydraulic plus freeze-thaw and wind composite erosion, a control plot with hydraulic plus freeze-thaw composite erosion and a control plot with freeze-thaw erosion, and the size of each plot was 12.5 m by 2.5 m. The results showed that, from March to June and from November to April of the next year, the main erosion forces on Pisha sandstone slope were freeze-thaw plus wind forces, and from July to October the main erosion force was hydraulic force. From March 2018 to April 2019, the total erosion amount of the undisturbed plot, the control plot with hydraulic plus freeze-thaw composite erosion and the control plot with freeze-thaw erosion was 111.63, 84.9 and 19.65 kg, respectively. Namely, the orders of composite erosion amounts were the highest for the plot with hydraulic plus freeze-thaw and wind composite erosion, followed by the plot with hydraulic plus freeze-thaw composite erosion, and the freeze-thaw erosion. The superimposition effect of multi-dynamic composite erosion on Pisha sandstone slope was obvious. In the three periods from March to June, July to October and November to April of the next year, the erosion proportions of the undisturbed plot were 10.58%, 76.61% and 12.81%, respectively; The erosion proportions of the control plot with hydraulic plus freeze-thaw composite erosion were 10.43%, 78.57% and 11%, respectively; and the erosion proportions of the control plot with freeze-thaw erosion were 31.90%, 28.65% and 39.45%, respectively. In the three periods, for the Pisha sandstone undisturbed slope, the contribution rates of hydraulic erosion were 21.85%, 71.42% and 11.12%, the contribution rates of freeze-thaw erosion were 53.09%, 6.58% and 54.20%, and the contribution rates of wind erosion were 25.06%, 21.99% and 34.69%, respectively. Namely, the seasonal erosion amount of each erosion force were the highest for the freeze-thaw erosion, followed by wind erosion and water erosion from March to June and from November to April of the next year, and water erosion followed by wind erosion and freeze-thaw erosion from July to October. In the whole study period, water erosion accounted for 58.45%, and freeze-thaw and wind erosions totally accounted for 41.55%. In 2018, the influence degree of each erosion force on Pisha sandstone slope was the highest for water erosion, followed by freeze-thaw erosion and wind erosion. In addition, 3D laser scanning technology provided a convenient and efficient mean for monitoring topographic fluctuation and calculating soil erosion in complex terrain area. The research results can provide valuable information for comprehensive control of composite erosion in Pisha sandstone area. |
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| Keywords: | wind water GIS Pisha sandstone slope freeze-thaw composite erosion season 3D laser scanner |
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