Alterations of cardiac and renal biomarkers in horses naturally infected with theileria equi |
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| Institution: | 1. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IDICAL, INTA-CONICET), Ruta 34 Km 227, CP 22, 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina;2. Laboratorio Biología de los Parásitos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina;4. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina |
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| Abstract: | Equine theileriosis due to Theileria equi is probably the most widespread and pathogenic disease of equines, which comes with major cardiac and renal complications. This study was undertaken to investigate the biomarkers of cardiac and renal functions in horses infected with T. equi and determine the association between these parameters and the level of parasitemia. Giemsa-stained blood smears from 300 horses with ages of 3–4 years old were examined for detection of T. equi on erythrocytes. Moreover, multiplex PCR was employed for confirmation of the diagnosis in the 28 positive cases. Based on the rate of red blood cell infection, the infected animals were subdivided into horses with low (n = 9), moderate (n = 13) and high (n = 6) parasitemia. The concentrations of urea, creatinine, cystatin-C, cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), homocysteine (Hcy), myocardial fractions of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and d-dimer were determined in control (healthy) horses (n = 20) and the infected animals. The results revealed that both the renal (urea, creatinine and cystatin-C) and the cardiac (cTn-I, Hcy, CK-MB and d-dimer) biomarkers increased in a parasitemia burden-dependent pattern. However, urea, creatinine, cTn-I and d-dimer levels were not significantly influenced in the horses infected with low rate (<1 %) of parasitemia (p> 0.05). Moreover, all of the biomarkers were significantly and positively associated with the parasitemia (R2> 0.5). In conclusion, T. equi infection was related to cardiac and renal complications evidenced by increase in the levels of biomarkers and evaluation of these indices may have promise for early diagnosis of the complications. |
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| Keywords: | Parasitemia Cardio-Renal biomarkers |
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