Seroprevalence,spatial distribution and risk factors of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Jordan |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan;2. Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan;3. School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan;4. Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington D.C, USA;5. Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA;1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States;2. Department of Animal Care and Technologies, Arizona State University, United States;3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States;4. Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, United States;5. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine, United States;1. Department of Animal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia 44511, Egypt;2. Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia 44519, Egypt;1. College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China;2. Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China;1. Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, State Campinas University, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Biology Institute, State Campinas University, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Seção Técnica de Pesquisa, Controle deVetores, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil;4. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil;1. Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;2. State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;1. Host Septomics Group, Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Septomics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany;2. Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Rostock, Germany;3. State Office for Agriculture, Food Safety and Fishery Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (LALLF-MV), Rostock, Germany;4. Chair for Animal Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Lyme borreliosis has not been studied in Jordan or in much of the Middle East. However, limited research indicates that the tick vector, Ixodes ricinus, exists in the region. This study examined the seroprevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l. in Jordan and potential demographic and zoonotic risk factors for seropositivity. Serum samples of 824 apparently healthy participants from 11 governorates in Jordan were tested for B. burgdorferi s.l. using Enzygnost Lyme link VlsE/IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A validated questionnaire was used to collect demographic and animal exposure data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with seropositivity. The results showed that 11.7 % (95 % CI, 9.3–14.0 %) of the participants were seropositive for B. burgdorferi s.l.. There was a bimodal age distribution of seroprevalence with higher seroprevalence among individuals <20 and>60 years old. After controlling for governorate of residence, females had 2.77 (95 % CI 1.53–5.00) times greater odds of seropositivity compared to males. Individuals living in the southeastern part of Jordan (Ma’an) had 2.32 (95 % CI, 1.02?5.31) greater odds of seropositivity compared to those living in Amman, the Capital of Jordan, while those living in the northeast had significantly lower odds of seropositivity. This study presents the first evidence of B. burgdorferi s.l. seropositivity in Jordan and suggests several risk factors which were reported in studies conducted elsewhere. This study suggests that Lyme borreliosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with skin lesions in Jordan. |
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| Keywords: | Epidemiology Zoonoses Lyme Borreliosis Middle East |
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