The Spatial Heterogeneity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil Depends on Their Physico-chemical Properties |
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| Authors: | Bjarne Styrishave Erland Björklund Anders Johnsen Bent Halling-Sørensen |
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| Institution: | (1) Section of Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;(2) Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | The present study investigates the heterogenic distribution of nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil on a microscale.
For this purpose, we developed a method allowing for the detailed analysis of PAHs in minute amounts of soil (5 to 25 mg).
A certified reference soil with a known PAH content and a diffusely polluted Danish surface soil from central Copenhagen were
used in the study. In order to separate soil heterogeneity from analytical variation, we attempted to establish the least
amount of soil in which homogeneous and reproducible results could be obtained for the PAHs in question. The results demonstrated
that for fluoranthene, analytical results in accordance with the certified reference values could be obtained in quantities
of 10 mg of soil or more. For phenanthrene and pyrene, certified reference values could be obtained in quantities of 25 mg
of soil or more. Similar results were obtained with the Nyboder soil, using the reference soil for quality and quantity assurance.
For quantification of all nine PAHs, a minimum of 100 mg of soil was needed for both soils. In order to obtain an expression
for the degree of heterogeneity of PAHs in the soils, a subsample variation was calculated based on overall sample variation
and analytical measurements variation. The results demonstrate that the PAHs in the Nyboder soil are much more heterogeneously
distributed than the PAHs in the reference soil due to much larger subsample variations. Furthermore, strong relationships
between different physico-chemical properties and subsample variation were found. These included molecular weight, water solubility,
log octanol/water partition coefficient, and soil–water distribution coefficient of the investigated PAHs, demonstrating that
the heterogeneity of PAHs in the Nyboder soil is significantly influenced by such parameters. |
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