| 播期和密度对滴灌冬小麦群体结构与抗倒特性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王潭刚,孙婷,王冀川,李慧琴,高振,石元强.播期和密度对滴灌冬小麦群体结构与抗倒特性的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2021,33(2):193. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王潭刚 孙婷 王冀川 李慧琴 高振 石元强 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.新疆生产建设兵团 第三师农业科学研究所,新疆 图木舒克 8439012.塔里木大学 植物科学学院,新疆 阿拉尔 843300 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金(31260303);塔里木大学校长基金(TDZKGG201702) |
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| 摘 要： | 以新冬22(少穗型)和邯郸5316(多穗型)为供试材料,采用裂区田间试验设计,主区为3个播期:9月23日(B1)、10月4日(B2)和10月15日(B3);副区为4个播种密度:315万株·hm-2(M1)、510万株·hm-2(M2)、705万株·hm-2(M3)、900万株·hm-2(M4),研究不同播期和密度对滴灌冬小麦群体动态和抗倒特性的影响。结果表明:(1)滴灌冬小麦生育期随播期推迟而缩短,B3处理的新冬22和邯郸5316的生育期较B2处理缩短11 d,较B1处理缩短22 d;密度对生育进程影响较小。(2)群体大小和叶面积指数(LAI)随密度增加而增加,随播期推迟而减小;晚播群体在生育后期总茎数有追赶正常播期处理的趋势;同一密度下B2处理和同一播期下M2或M3处理的群体大小和叶面积动态随生育进程变化最小,表现出较好的叶片调节功能。(3)随播种密度增加,滴灌冬小麦基部节间和重心高度增加,基部直径、机械强度和抗倒指数下降;随播期延迟,茎秆基部节间变短,重心高度下降,直径增大,机械强度和抗倒指数增加;密度对茎秆性状的影响大于播期;在实际生产中,充分发挥密度和播期的互作效应,适当增加晚播处理的密度,能优化个体生长,保证高产。(4)B2处理的平均产量较B1、B3处理分别提高8.09%~17.52%和16.01%~21.07%,新冬22和邯郸5316分别在B2M3和B2M2处理中产量最高,分别达8 541.04 kg·hm-2和9 218.08 kg·hm-2。(5)从群个体生长的角度上看,新冬22对密度反应更敏感,邯郸5316对播期反应更敏感;说明生产中少穗型品种应注重合理密度前提下调节播期,而多穗型品种应注重适当播期前提下调节密度,以充分发挥品种的增产潜力。
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| 关 键 词： | 滴灌 冬小麦 播期 密度 叶面积指数 茎秆强度 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-07-17 |
Effects of sowing date and density on population structure and lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation |
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| WANG Tangang,SUN Ting,WANG Jichuan,LI Huiqin,GAO Zhen,SHI Yuanqiang.Effects of sowing date and density on population structure and lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2021,33(2):193. |
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| Authors: | WANG Tangang SUN Ting WANG Jichuan LI Huiqin GAO Zhen SHI Yuanqiang |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology of Third Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tumushuker 843901, China
2. College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China |
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| Abstract: | To study the effects of different sowing dates and sowing densities on population dynamics and lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation, Xindong 22 (less-spike type) and Handan 5316 (multi-spike type) were used as the test materials, the field test design of the split area was adopted, and the main area had three sowing dates: September 23 (B1), October 4 (B2) and October 15 (B3); the sub-area had four seeding densities: 3.15×106·hm-2 (M1), 5.10×106 hm-2 (M2), 7.05×106 g hm-2 (M3) and 9.00×106 hm-2 (M4). The results showed that: (1) The growth period of winter wheat under drip irrigation was shortened with the delay of sowing date. Under B3 sowing date, the growth period of Xindong 22 and Handan 5316 were 11 d shorter than B2 and 22 d shorter than B1. Density had little effect on the growth process. (2) The population size and leaf area index (LAI) increased with the increase of density and decreased with the delay of sowing date. Late sowing population tended to catch up with the normal sowing date at the later stage of growth; Population size and leaf area dynamics of B2 treated under the same density and M2 or M3 treatments in the same sowing date were the smallest with the growth process, showing better leaf regulation function. (3) With the increase of density, basal internode and barycenter height increased, basal diameter, mechanical strength and lodging resistance index decreased; With the delay of sowing date, basal internode became shorter, center of gravity height decreased, diameter increased, mechanical strength and lodging resistance index increased. Effect of density on stem character was greater than that of sowing date. In the actual production, the interaction effect of density and sowing date should be brought into full play, and the density of late sowing treatment should be appropriately increased to optimize individual growth and ensure the formation of high yield. (4) The average yield of B2 treatment was 8.09%-17.52% and 16.01%-21.07% higher than that of B1 and B3. The yields of B2M3 treatment of Xindong22 and B2M2 treatment of Handan 5316 were the highest, reaching 8 541.04 kg·hm-2 and 9 218.08 kg·hm-2, respectively. (5) From the perspective of population growth, Xindong22 was more sensitive to density, Handan 5316 was more sensitive to sowing date. In production, large panicle varieties should pay attention to the adjustment of sowing date under the premise of reasonable density, while multi spike varieties should pay attention to the adjustment of sowing amount under the premise of appropriate sowing date, so as to give full play to the potential of yield increase of wheat varieties. |
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| Keywords: | drip irrigation winter wheat sowing date density leaf area index stem strength |
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