| 舀勺型孔轮式水稻精量排种器设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘俊,朱德泉,于从羊,薛康,张顺,廖娟.舀勺型孔轮式水稻精量排种器设计与试验[J].浙江农业学报,2021,33(4):739. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘俊 朱德泉 于从羊 薛康 张顺 廖娟 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.安徽农业大学 工学院,安徽 合肥 2300362.安徽省智能农业装备工程实验室,安徽 合肥 230036 |
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| 基金项目： | 安徽省科技重大专项(17030701040);国家自然科学基金(51805005) |
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| 摘 要： | 针对现有水稻排种器采用被动充种存在充种性能差、高速排种精度低的问题,设计了一种舀勺型孔轮式水稻精量排种器。阐述了该排种器的基本结构和工作原理,确定了排种轮、舀勺、型孔、护种板等关键零部件的结构参数,建立了排种器充种过程的力学模型。以冈优898 种子为试验材料,利用离散元法,选取排种轮转速、型孔倾角为试验因素,以排种合格率、重播率和漏播率为评价指标,进行单因素试验、对比试验和二因素五水平正交旋转组合试验,建立排种性能指标与试验因素之间的回归模型,利用响应面法分析了各试验因素对排种性能的影响规律,并采用多目标优化方法,确定了最佳参数组合。优化结果表明:排种轮转速为25.94 r·min -1、型孔倾角为34.75°时,排种器的排种性能最佳,排种合格率、重播率、漏播率分别为87.55%、9.79%、2.66%。为验证仿真结果的可靠性和排种器的适应性,以丰两优3948、冈优898、冈优3551 3个水稻品种种子为试验材料,对排种器进行台架性能试验和田间播种试验。试验结果表明:台架试验与仿真结果基本一致,丰两优3948、冈优898、冈优3551种子的排种合格率分别为84.40%、84.53%、83.74%;田间播种合格率分别为81.34%、82.13%、80.67%,3个水稻品种种子排种性能皆满足水稻精量播种要求。研究结果可为舀勺型孔轮式水稻精量排种器的结构优化和性能提升提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 水稻 机械化 播种 排种性能 排种器 舀勺型孔轮 数值模拟 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-09-03 |
Design and experiment on scoop hole-wheel precision seed-metering device for rice |
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| LIU Jun,ZHU Dequan,YU Congyang,XUE Kang,ZHANG Shun,LIAO Juan.Design and experiment on scoop hole-wheel precision seed-metering device for rice[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2021,33(4):739. |
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| Authors: | LIU Jun ZHU Dequan YU Congyang XUE Kang ZHANG Shun LIAO Juan |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
2. Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment, Hefei 230036, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to solve the problems of poor seed filling performance and low precision in high-speed seeding process, a scoop-hole-wheel precision seed-metering device for rice was designed. A scoop was used to disturb the seed layer to increase the fluidity between rice seeds and enhance the performance of seed filling. The basic structure and working principle of the seed metering device were expounded, the structural parameters of key components such as seeding wheel, scoop, hole, seed protection guard were determined, and the mechanical model of the seed-metering process was established. The numerical simulation experiments based on discrete element method were carried out by using Gangyou 898 as the research object. Taking rotation speed and hole inclination of seeding wheel as the experimental factors, single-factor experiments, comparative experiments and orthogonal rotation combined experiments with two factors and five level were carried out. The regression model between experimental factors and seeding performance index was established. The influence regulation of experimental factors on the seeding performance was analyzed by the response surface method, and the best combination of parameters was determined through the multi-objective optimization method. The optimization results showed that the seeding performance of seed-metering device was the best when rotation speed of the seeding wheel is 25.94 r·min-1 and hole inclination of the seeding wheel was 34.75°, and seeding qualified rate, replay rate and missing rate were 87.55%, 9.79%, and 2.66%, respectively. In order to verify the reliability of the simulation results and the adaptability of the seed-metering device, rice seeds of three varieties of Fengliangyou 3948, Gangyou 898 and Gangyou 3551 were used as test materials to perform the bench tests and field tests. The test results showed that the results of bench tests were basically consistent with the simulation results, and seeding qualified rates of Fengliangyou 3948, Gangyou 898 and Gangyou 3551 were 84.40%, 84.53% and 83.74%, respectively, their sowing qualified rates of field test were 81.34%, 82.13% and 80.67%, respectively. Sowing performance of three varieties rice seeds all met the requirements for precision sowing of rice. This research results could provide reference for structure optimization and performance improvement of the scoop hole-wheel precision seed-metering device for rice. |
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| Keywords: | rice mechanization sowing seeding performance seed-metering device scoop hole-wheel numerical simulation |
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