| 旱地玉米免耕覆盖土壤水分研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 籍增顺,洛希图.旱地玉米免耕覆盖土壤水分研究[J].山西农业科学,1994,22(3):7-12. |
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| 作者姓名： | 籍增顺 洛希图 |
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| 摘 要： | 免耕整秸秆半覆盖具有明显的保水效果。在一年一作春播玉米区，免耕覆盖抑制了土壤水分蒸发，延长了上层水分向深层分布的时间，玉米秋收后至结冻期间１００～２００ｃｍ土壤水分比不覆盖提高１～１．６个百分点；但结冻期间，土壤水分蒸发基本停止，０～１００ｃｍ土层水分差异不大；免耕覆盖明显抑制了春季返浆期的土壤蒸发，０～２０ｃｍ土层比常规耕作土壤水分含量高１～１．７个百分点；玉米生育期间，土壤水分变化规律是，封垄前覆盖与不覆盖间土壤水分差异较大，封垄后差异变小；一般情况下，随深度增加，保水效果减小。免耕本身不具保水作用；在覆盖条件下，耕翻与否对保水作用不大，不论是耕翻还是免耕都必须结合秸秆覆盖；随秸秆覆盖量的增加，土壤第一蒸发阶段持续时间增长，土壤蓄保水量增加；秸秆覆盖一方面具有保水效果，另一方面，降水通过秸秆时又要消耗一定量的水分；免耕覆盖改变了地表状况，有利于雨水的入渗，使得更多的水分下移到剖面深层，为植物利用水分提供了机会；持续干旱情况下，秸秆覆盖土壤水分蒸发量与裸露土壤几乎一样多。
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| 关 键 词： | 免耕 覆盖 土壤水分 |
Study on Soil Water under No-tillage with Stalks Mulching in Semi-arid region |
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| Abstract: | Experimental results at six locations from 1990 through 1992 indicated that, in the regions of growing one crop a year, soil water content at 100～200cm depth during period from October to November increased 1～1. 6 percent point under no-tillage with mulching than conventional tillage. Soil water content of freeze period at 0～100cm depth were nearly the same, but increased 1～1. 7 percent point before spring sowing at 0～20cm depth. As season and depth prograssed, soil water differences between no-tillage with mulching and conventional tillage became small. Under no-tillage without mulching, soil water content was the same with conventional tillage. When a mulch of protective material was used on the surface of the soil, infiltration of water into a mulched soil was maintained at a higher rate for a longer period of time. If the rains were infrequent, the cumulative moisture loss on a mulched soil would lag behind a bare soil but eventually will reach approximately the same moisture content in the total profile. |
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| Keywords: | No-tillage Mulching Soil water |
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