Mechanisms of resistance in<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lycopersicon</Emphasis> germplasm to the whitefly<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bemisia argentifolii</Emphasis> |
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| Authors: | S G Muigai D J Schuster J C Snyder J W Scott M J Bassett H J McAuslane |
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| Institution: | (1) Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Thika, Kenya;(2) Gulf Coast Research & Education Center, University of Florida, 34203 Bradenton, FL, USA;(3) Dept. of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, 40546 Lexington, KY, USA;(4) Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, 32611 Gainesville, FL, USA;(5) Dept. of Entomology & Nematology, University of Florida, 32611 Gainesville, FL, USA |
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| Abstract: | The silverleaf whiteflyBemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) also known as strain B of the sweetpotato whiteflyB. tabaci (Gennadius)] is a major pest of tomatoes due to both feeding damage and transmission of plant viruses. Certain wild species
ofLycopersicon have demonstrated high levels of resistance to the pest. Greenhouse studies were undertaken to quantify the effects on whitefly
behavior and mortality of individual, resistant plants selected from three accessions ofL. pennellii (Corr.) D’Arcy (LA 1340, LA 1674 and LA 2560), five accessions ofL. hirsutum f.typicum Humb. & Bonpl. (LA 386, LA 1353, LA 1777, PI 127826 and PI 127827) and one accession ofL. hirsutum f.glabratum C.H. Mull. (PI 126449). In no-choice experiments, fewer adults settled on leaflets of the wild species and deposited 75–100%
fewer eggs compared to the cultivated tomato,L. esculentum Mill. Adult mortality ranged from 77–100% on wild accessions but was only 1% onL. esculentum. Most dead adults were trapped in glandular trichome exudates. The effects of these resistant accessions onB. argentifolii were mechanically transferable by appressing the trichome exudates onto the leaves of the susceptible tomato, indicating
an association between the factors mediating the resistance and the glandular trichomes. Laboratory studies evaluated the
repellent, fumigant and residual toxic effects of representative constituents of trichome exudates onB. argentifolii adults by using selected concentrations and probit analyses. RC50 values (estimated concentration to repel 50% of the adults) and LC50 values for fumigant and residual toxicity indicated that 2-tridecanone had low levels of repellent and residual toxicity
activity; that 2-undecanone had high levels of repellent and fumigant activity; and that ginger oil (composed, in part, of
sesquiterpene hydrocarbons) had high levels of repellent and residual toxicity activity. These studies suggest that multi-factor
resistance exists in wild tomato germplasm. By combining genetically the observed chemical constituents of resistance into
a single germplasm, the resulting resistance may be more difficult forB. argentifolii to overcome.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org |
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| Keywords: | Silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci sweetpotato whitefly tobacco whitefly host plant resistance tomato resistance |
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