| 钾肥种类和施钾时期对油葵产量及品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 曾骏,郭天文,张平良,李书田,董博,刘晓伟.钾肥种类和施钾时期对油葵产量及品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2019,37(5):187-192. |
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| 作者姓名： | 曾骏 郭天文 张平良 李书田 董博 刘晓伟 |
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| 作者单位： | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃 兰州730070;甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州730070;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京10081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划中低产田改良项目（2012BAD05B03）；甘肃省农业科学院科技创新专项计划（2017GAAS28）；IPNI中国合作项目（IPNI-2014-CHN-MP01） |
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| 摘 要： | 为分析钾肥种类和施钾时期对油葵产量以及品质的影响，选取油葵杂交品种陇葵杂3号，采用2因素3水平（2个钾肥种类：氯化钾（F1）、硫酸钾(F2)；3个施钾时期：全部种前基施（T1）、 50% 基施+50%现蕾期追施（T2）、 25%基施+50%现蕾期追施+25%花期追施（T3））随机区组试验设计，于2014-2016年在甘肃省景泰条山农场进行田间试验。结果表明：KCl和K2SO4这两个钾肥品种的盘径、千粒重、粗脂肪含量、产油量、亚麻酸含量间没有明显的差异。与施用K2SO4相比，施用KCl的产量在2014年显著增加，F1T2的产量较F2T2增加了4.96%，F1T3较F2T3增加了4.06%。出仁率、油酸含量在2015年和2016年显著增加，F1T1的出仁率较F2T1在2015年和2016年分别增加了1.50%、2.99%，F1T2的出仁率较F2T2在2015年和2016年分别增加了1.76%、19.7%；2015年F1T2的油酸含量较F2T2增加了5.92%；2016年F1T3的油酸含量较F2T3增加了9.09%。粗蛋白含量在2014年和2016年显著降低，F2T3的粗蛋白含量较F1T3在2014年和2016年分别增加了9.95%、8.87%。粗蛋白产量在2016年显著降低，F2T3的粗蛋白产量在2016年较F1T3增加9.29%。亚油酸含量在2015年和2016年显著降低， F1T3的亚油酸含量较F2T3在2015年和2016年分别增加了3.17%和3.03%。施钾时期对油葵的盘径、亚麻酸含量没有显著影响，但对油葵的千粒重、出仁率、产量、蛋白质含量、蛋白质产量、粗脂肪含量、产油量、油酸、亚油酸影响显著。钾肥的最佳施用时期为基施。油葵产量与盘径、千粒重、出仁率均有显著的正相关关系，油酸和亚油酸之间存在负相关关系。
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| 关 键 词： | 油葵 KCl K2SO4 施钾时期 产量 产量构成 品质 |
Effects of potassium fertilizer type and application time on yield and quality of oil sunflower |
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| ZENG Jun,GUO Tian-wen,ZHANG Ping-liang,LI Shu-tian,DONG Bo,LIU Xiao-wei.Effects of potassium fertilizer type and application time on yield and quality of oil sunflower[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2019,37(5):187-192. |
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| Authors: | ZENG Jun GUO Tian-wen ZHANG Ping-liang LI Shu-tian DONG Bo LIU Xiao-wei |
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| Abstract: | To analyze the effect of potassium (K) fertilizer types and application time on the yield and quality of oil sunflower, a field experiment was conducted in 2014-2016 using oil sunflower hybrid, longkui No. 3 in Jingtai. The experiment included two factor randomized block design with 6 treatments and 3 replications (Potassium chloride (F1) and potassium sulfate (F2); 100% basal application (T1), 50% base fertilizer+50% bud stage (T2), 25% base+50% bud stage+25% flowering period (T3)). The results showed that there was no significant difference between KCl and K2SO4 treatments in disc diameter, thousand kernel weight, crude fat, oil production and linolenic acid content. Compared with K2SO4, KCl increased the yield significantly in 2014. The F1T2 increased the yield by 4.96% compared with F2T2, and F1T3 increased the yield by 4.06% compared with F2T3. The Shelling percentage and oleic acid content increased significantly in 2015 and 2016, the Shelling percentage of F1T1 increased by 1.50% and 2.99% compared with F2T1 in 2015 and 2016, and that of F1T2 increased by 1.76% and 19.7%, respectively, compared with F2T2 in 2015 and 2016; the oleic acid content of F1T2 increased by 5.92% compared with F2T2 in 2015; and the oleic acid content of F1T3 increased by 9.09% compared with F2T3 in 2016. The crude protein content of F2T3 decreased significantly in 2014 and 2016; the crude protein content of F2T3 increased by 9.95% and 8.87%, respectively, compared with F1T3 in 2014 and 2016. The crude protein yield decreased significantly in 2016 and the crude protein production decreased significantly in 2016. The crude protein production of F2T3 increased by 9.29% compared with that of F1T3 in 2016. The linoleic acid content decreased significantly in 2015 and 2016, the linoleic acid content of F1T3 increased by 3.17% and 3.03%, respectively, compared with F2T3 in 2015 and 2016. There was no significant difference in disc diameter and linolenic acid content of oil sunflower among K application times, but there were significant differences in thousand kernel weight, shelling percentage, yield, protein content, protein yield, crude fat content, oil yield, oleic acid and linoleic acid. The best application time of potash fertilizer was base application. There was a significant positive correlations between yield and disc diameter, thousand kernel weight and kernel yield. There was a negative correlation between oleic acid and linoleic acid. |
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| Keywords: | oil sunflower potassium chloride potassium sulfate potassium application period yield yield components quality |
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