| 沙化和人工植被重建对高寒草地土壤细菌群落特征的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王亚妮,胡宜刚,王增如,李以康,张振华,周华坤.沙化和人工植被重建对高寒草地土壤细菌群落特征的影响[J].草业学报,2022,31(5):26-39. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王亚妮 胡宜刚 王增如 李以康 张振华 周华坤 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院沙坡头沙漠研究试验站，甘肃 兰州 730000;2.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所，青海 西宁 810008;3.中国科学院大学，北京 100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 青海省创新平台建设专项;国家自然科学基金;青海省重点研发与转化科技成果转化项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 土壤微生物群落特征指示着草地的质量和健康状况。本研究以青海省贵南县的天然草地（NG）、沙化草地（DG）、草本人工恢复草地（AG）和灌木人工恢复草地（AS）4种草地类型为研究对象，采用qPCR和Illumina MiSeq高通量扩增子测序技术研究了土壤细菌群落生物量、多样性及其结构的变化，结合植被和土壤属性剖析了高寒草地土壤细菌群落演变的关键影响因子及其贡献。结果表明：草地沙化显著（P<0.05）降低了土壤细菌群落的生物量和α多样性，人工植被重建则促进了土壤细菌群落生物量和α多样性的恢复，22年后基本达到未退化前的水平。草地沙化显著（P<0.05）增加了芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadota）的相对丰度，而变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和浮霉菌门（Planctomycetota）的相对丰度则显著降低（P<0.05）；人工植被重建促进了优势细菌门逐渐向NG方向演变，22年后绝大部分优势细菌的相对丰度基本恢复到未退化之前的状态。然而，DG、AG和AS与NG的土壤细菌群落结构相似性不高，而AG和AS的群落结构则高度相似。土壤细菌群落结构与绝大多数植被和土壤理化指标显著 （P<0.05）正相关，植被属性对其群落结构变化的解释度（10.0%）比土壤物理属性（6.3%）和化学属性（1.9%）更高，植被与土壤所有指标共解释了72.0%的土壤细菌群落结构的变化，表明植被和土壤通过相互作用共同决定了高寒草地土壤细菌群落结构的演变。因此，加强对植被和土壤的保护，防止草地退化，并对沙化草地进行人工植被重建，对于保护和恢复青藏高原高寒草地土壤细菌群落具有重要的生态意义，而选择利用灌木或草本进行人工植被重建对表层土壤细菌群落的影响区别不大。
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| 关 键 词： | 沙化 植被重建 草地沙化 土壤细菌 高寒草地 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-03-29 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021-04-26 |
Impacts of desertification and artificial revegetation on soil bacterial communities in alpine grassland |
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| WANG Ya-ni,HU Yi-gang,WANG Zeng-ru,LI Yi-kang,ZHANG Zhen-hua,ZHOU Hua-kun.Impacts of desertification and artificial revegetation on soil bacterial communities in alpine grassland[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2022,31(5):26-39. |
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| Authors: | WANG Ya-ni HU Yi-gang WANG Zeng-ru LI Yi-kang ZHANG Zhen-hua ZHOU Hua-kun |
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| Institution: | 1.Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station，Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China;2.Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Xining 810008，China;3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China |
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| Abstract: | Characteristics of the soil microbial communities indicate the health of grasslands and quality of the environment. To elucidate the effects of desertification and artificial revegetation on the respective soil bacterial communities， four alpine grassland types including natural grassland （NG）， desertified grassland （DG）， grass-based artificial grassland （AG） and shrub-basedartificial grassland （AS） in a small watershed of Guinan County， Qinghai Province were selected and qPCR and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput amplicon sequencing technologies were used to study the variation between the communities in bacterial biomass， diversity and structure. We also analyzed the key factors shaping soil bacterial community structure and their contributions based on variations in vegetation and soil properties. It was found that grassland desertification significantly reduced bacterial community biomass and α diversity （P<0.05）， but that bacterial community biomass could be almost restored to the level of undegraded grassland after 22 years of artificial revegetation. Desertification significantly increased the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadota， while abundance of Proteobacteriaand Planctomycetota significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Artificial revegetation promoted the succession of dominant bacteria towards the community structure found in NG， and after 22 years of artificial revegetation， most of the bacterial relative abundances paralleled those of the undegraded status. Dissimilarity in bacterial community structure was noted between NG and DG， AG and AS， community structure in AG and AS were very similar. Soil bacterial community structure significantly positively correlated with the majority of vegetation and soil physiochemical properties （P<0.05）. However， compared to soil physical （6.3%） and chemical （1.9%） properties， vegetation properties explained more variation （10.0%） in bacterial community structure. In total， the measured vegetation and soil indices explained 72.0% of variation in soil bacterial community structure， implying that vegetation and soil determine the shifts of soil bacterial community structure. Accordingly， it is essential and meaningful to strengthen vegetation and soil protection， and implement artificial revegetation in desertified grassland for protection and restoration of soil bacterial communities in Tibetan alpine grassland. However， the choice between shrub and grass planting during revegetation made little difference to the superficial soil bacterial community structure in artificial revegetation. |
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| Keywords: | desertification artificial revegetation grassland desertification soil bacteria alpine grassland |
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