Bioprocess preparation of wheat straw fibers and their characterization |
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| Institution: | 1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;3. Biocomposites Centre, University of Wales, Bangor, LL57 2UW Gwynedd, Wales, UK;4. Department of Chemistry, University of Wales, Bangor, LL57 2UW Gwynedd, Wales, UK;1. Centre des Matériaux des Mines d’Alès, IMT Mines Alès, Université de Montpellier, 6 avenue de Clavières, 30319, Alès Cedex, France;2. Laboratoire du Génie de l’Environnement Industriel, IMT Mines Alès, Université de Montpellier, 6 avenue de Clavières, 30319, Alès Cedex, France;1. Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), C.P. 6192, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil;2. Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos (IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), C.P. 780, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil;3. Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), C.P. 6179, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil;1. Enzyme Bioconversion Unit (04/UR/09-04), National School of Engineering, Sfax University, P.O. Box 1173-3038, Tunisia;2. University of Monastir, Faculty of Sciences, UR13 ES 63—Research Unity of Applied Chemistry & Environment, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia;3. University of Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France;4. CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France;5. University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain;6. Common Service Unit of Bioreactor Coupled with an Ultrafilter, National School of Engineering, Sfax University, P.O. Box 1173-3038, Tunisia |
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| Abstract: | Plant fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites have gained much attraction in structural applications such as building and automotive products. Agricultural residues such as wheat straw, bagasse, and corn stover can also be exploited as readily available natural fiber resources for similar applications. The objective of this study was to extract fibers from wheat straw and also to determine the usefulness of fungal retting of wheat straw before extracting the fibers. Wheat straw was mechanically defibrillated using a laboratory-scale mechanical refiner before and after fungal retting. Fiber characteristics such as physico-chemical and mechanical properties, surface characteristics, and thermal properties of the resultant fibers were measured in order to explore the possibilities of using the fibers as reinforcing materials. Retted fibers were stronger than un-retted fibers. The length and diameter of the retted fibers were lower than the un-retted fibers. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of the wheat straw fibers indicated the fractional removal of hemicelluloses and lignin from the retted fiber. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the fibers showed the partial removal of extractives from the surface of the retted fibers. Also, the oxygen to carbon ratio (O/C) of the fibers illustrated that there is more lignin type surface structure for both retted and un-retted fibers. However, slightly higher ratio of oxygen to carbon in the retted fiber indicated a more carbohydrate-rich fiber than the un-retted fiber. Thermal degradation characteristics demonstrated the suitability of processing wheat straw fibers with thermoplastics. |
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