| 长期应用稻鳖共生系统对土壤细菌群落结构及其多样性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 丁姣龙,孟祥杰,王忍,陈璐,周晶,陈灿,黄璜.长期应用稻鳖共生系统对土壤细菌群落结构及其多样性的影响[J].南方农业学报,2021,52(7):1860-1868. |
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| 作者姓名： | 丁姣龙 孟祥杰 王忍 陈璐 周晶 陈灿 黄璜 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南农业大学农学院,长沙 410128;湖南农业大学农学院,长沙 410128;湖南省稻田生态种养工程技术研究中心,长沙 410000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0301004） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探究长期应用稻鳖共生系统对稻田土壤养分含量、土壤细菌群落结构及其多样性的影响，为阐释稻鳖共生模式对稻田土壤微生物多样性的影响机制提供科学依据。【方法】以2年稻鳖共生田（RT2）、5年稻鳖共生田（RT5）和8年稻鳖共生田（RT8）为研究对象，采集各处理0~10 cm土层土壤样品，测定土壤养分含量，利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术探究土壤细菌群落结构，对比分析不同应用年限稻鳖共生田的土壤养分含量及土壤细菌群落多样性差异。【结果】长期应用稻鳖共生系统明显提高稻田土壤的全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷含量及土壤pH，5年稻鳖共生田的全磷和速效磷含量显著高于2年稻鳖共生田（P<0.05，下同），8年稻鳖共生田的土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷含量显著高于2年稻鳖共生田，有机质、全钾和速效钾含量均以5年稻鳖共生田最高，8年稻鳖共生田最低。Alpha多样性分析结果显示，土壤细菌群落多样性Shannon指数、PD whole tree指数和Chao1指数均表现为RT5处理>RT8处理>RT2处理。各样本检测到的细菌类群隶属于51门136纲192目337科557属和113种。物种群落组成分析表明，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）是稻鳖共生田土壤细菌的主要优势菌群；不同年限的稻鳖共生田土壤细菌群落结构差异主要表现在物种均匀度上，RT2处理的变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、栖热菌门（Deinococcus-Thermus）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）和奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）的相对丰度均存在显著差异；RT8处理则仅在变形菌门、拟杆菌门、浮霉菌门和互养菌门（Synergistetes）4种菌种间具有显著差异。【结论】长期应用稻鳖共生系统可在不施用化肥的情况下，维持土壤主要养分含量，增加稻田土壤细菌群落多样性，扩大优势菌群相对丰度，形成更稳定的土壤微环境。
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| 关 键 词： | 稻鳖共生系统 土壤 细菌群落结构 养分含量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-01-14 |
Effects of long-term application of rice-turtle co-culture on soil bacterial community structure and diversity |
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| DING Jiao-long,MENG Xiang-jie,WANG Ren,CHEN Lu,ZHOU Jing,CHEN Can,HUANG Huang.Effects of long-term application of rice-turtle co-culture on soil bacterial community structure and diversity[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2021,52(7):1860-1868. |
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| Authors: | DING Jiao-long MENG Xiang-jie WANG Ren CHEN Lu ZHOU Jing CHEN Can HUANG Huang |
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| Institution: | 1 College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;2 Hunan Paddy Field Ecological Planting and Breeding Engineering Center, Changsha 410000, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 To explore the effects of rice-turtle co-cultureon soil fertility, soil bacterial community structure and diversity, and to provide a scientific basis for explaining the mechanism of rice-turtle co-culture on soil microbial diversity in paddy fields.【Method】 Soil samples from paddy fields of 2-year rice-turtle co-culture field(RT2) and 5-year rice-turtle co-culture field(RT5) and 8-year rice-turtle co-culture field(RT8) were collected from 0-10 cm soil layer of each treatment to determine the soil nutrient content. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to explore the soil bacterial community structure, and the differences of soil nutrient content and soil bacterial community diversity in rice-turtle co-culture fields with different application years were compared and analyzed.【Result】 Long-term application of rice-turtle co-culture increased soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus contens and soil p H. The contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in 5-year rice-turtle co-culture field were significantly higher than those in 2-year rice-turtle co-culture field(P<0.05, the same below), the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus in 8-year rice-turtle co-culture field were significantly higher than those in 2-year field. The contents of organic matter, total potassium and available potassium in 5-year field were the highest, and those in 8-year field were the lowest. The Alpha diversity analysis showed that the Shannon index, PD whole tree index and Chao1 index of soil bacterial community diversity were RT5>RT8>RT2. The bacterial groups detected in each sample belonged to 51 phyla, 136 classes, 192 orders, 337 families, 557 genus and 113 species. The analysis of species community composition showed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria were the main dominant bacterial communities in paddy soil. The differences of soil bacterial community structure in rice-turtle co-culture in different years were mainly manifested in species evenness. There were significant differences in RT2 in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes and Thaumarchaeota. RT8 treatment only showed significant differences in Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes and Synergistetes.【Conclusion】 Long-term application of rice-turtle co-culture can maintain the contents of soil main nutrients, increase the diversity of soil bacterial community, enlarge the relative abundance of dominant bacterial community, and make soil microenvironment more stable without chemical fertilizer. |
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