| 气候梯度下潜在蒸散分布差异及影响因素 |
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| 引用本文： | 张安宁,刘任涛,杜灵通.气候梯度下潜在蒸散分布差异及影响因素[J].西北林学院学报,2020,35(5):23-28. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张安宁 刘任涛 杜灵通 |
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| 作者单位： | （宁夏大学 西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地，宁夏 银川 750021） |
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| 摘 要： | 在荒漠、半荒漠生境，选择气候梯度下的榆阳区、盐池县和沙坡头区为研究样地，利用各研究样地气象站点11 a（2008-2018年）逐日气象数据计算潜在蒸散量，分析潜在蒸散量的空间分布及影响因素。结果表明:1）平均风速、日照时数、平均气温空间分布均存在显著差异（P<0.05），而相对湿度空间分布无显著差异（P>0.05）。日照时数和平均气温均呈地带性特征分布，而平均风速呈非地带性分布。2）全年、春季和秋季潜在蒸散表现为榆阳区和沙坡头区显著>盐池县（P<0.05），夏季潜在蒸散表现为沙坡头区显著>榆阳区和盐池县（P<0.05），冬季潜在蒸散无显著变化（P>0.05）。3）相关分析表明，潜在蒸散与平均气温、平均风速、日照时数和相对湿度存在相关性（P<0.05）。多元回归分析表明，全年、春季和秋季潜在蒸散受平均气温、日照时数和平均风速的综合控制，而夏季主要受日照时数的影响，冬季受平均气温和相对湿度的影响。研究表明，潜在蒸散与气象因子密切相关，其空间变化受到平均气温、日照时数和平均风速的综合影响。但是，季节变化会改变气象因子的贡献率，夏季会削弱平均风速的贡献率，使夏季潜在蒸散的地带性特征明显，而冬季会提升相对湿度的贡献率，使冬季潜在蒸散分布无显著变化。
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| 关 键 词： | 潜在蒸散 主导因子 空间分布 荒漠半荒漠生境 |
Distribution Differences and Influencing Factors of Potential Evapotranspiration in Climate Gradients |
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| ZHANG An-ning,LIU Ren-tao,DU Ling-tong. Distribution Differences and Influencing Factors of Potential Evapotranspiration in Climate Gradients[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2020,35(5):23-28. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG An-ning LIU Ren-tao DU Ling-tong |
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| Institution: | (Breeding Base for the Key Lab.of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China) |
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| Abstract: | Research plots with climate gradients were selected from Yuyang District,Yanchi County,and Shapotou District,which are located in desert and semi-desert areas.Data that were collected day by day from the meteorological stations in the sample sites from 2008 to 2018 were used to calculate the potential evapotranspiration (PE) and to analyze its spatial distribution pattern and influencing factors.The results showed that 1) significant differences (P<0.05) were found in average wind speed (AWS),sunshine hours (SH) and mean temperature (MT),while for relative humidity (RH),no significant differences (P>0.05) existed.The spatial distributions of the SH and MT presented zonal characters,while for the AWS,no zonal characters were observed.2) The PEs of Yuyang District in the spring,autumn and whole year were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of Yanchi County.In summer,the PEs of Shapotou District were significantly higher than those of Yuyang District and Yanchi County.It was not significant in winter.3) Correlation analysis demonstrated that PE was correlated with MT,AWS,SH,and RH (P<0.05).Multiple regression analysis showed that PEs in the spring,autumn,and whole year were comprehensively controlled by MT,SH,and AWS.In summer,however,the key factor was SH,and in winter,MT,RH and PE were the controlling factors.It was concluded that PE was closely correlated with meteorological factors,and its spatial distribution was affected by the combination of MT,SH,and AWS.However,seasonal changes existed in the contribution rates of meteorological factors.In summer,the contribution rate of AWS was weakened,making the zonal characteristics of PE.In winter,the contribution rate of RH increased,there was no significant change in PE. |
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| Keywords: | potential evapotranspiration dominant factor spatial distribution desert and semi-desert environment |
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