| 生物炭及有机肥对苹果园土壤有机碳组分及果树生长的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 李喜凤,杨小妮,罗艳君,王俊峰,李丙智,韩明玉,张林森.生物炭及有机肥对苹果园土壤有机碳组分及果树生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2017(4):617-624. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李喜凤 杨小妮 罗艳君 王俊峰 李丙智 韩明玉 张林森 |
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| 作者单位： | (西北农林科技大学 园艺学院，陕西杨凌 712100) |
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| 基金项目： | 国家苹果产业技术体系项目（CARS-28）；陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划（2015KJZDNY02-03-02）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为研究生物炭与有机肥配施对渭北旱地苹果园土壤有机碳各组分及苹果树生长、产量的影响。试验设对照(CK)、单施生物炭(B)、单施有机肥(OF)和生物炭与有机肥配施(B+OF)4个处理。通过3a野外果园定位施肥试验,分层采集0~100cm土层的土样,研究不同处理下土壤有机碳组分的变化。结果表明:单施生物炭或生物炭与有机肥配施均可显著增加0~40cm土壤总有机碳(TOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、轻质有机碳(LFOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)和可溶性有机碳(DOC)质量分数。在0~20cm表层土壤中,与CK相比,B、B+OF处理ROC质量分数分别增加35%和58%。B+OF、B及OF处理0~20cm土层中,土壤颗粒POC质量分数分别较CK增加0.44、0.24和0.138g·kg~(-1)。B+OF、B及OF处理耕层土壤TOC质量分数分别较CK提高60.1%、38%和6.5%。土壤pH由7.49(CK)增至7.89(B)和7.79(B+OF)。各处理的株高、茎粗和1a生枝条长度均显著高于CK,B+OF、B及OF处理的株高分别较CK提高26.4%、19.4%和15.7%,主干直径分别比CK增大49.5%、12.9%和5%。施肥处理均有利于苹果树成花,其中生物炭与有机肥配施处理的成花量最高。与CK相比,B+OF、OF和B处理的单株产量分别提高43.3%、33.6%和20.4%。生物炭和有机肥显著提高土壤有机碳各组分的质量分数,有助于苹果植株生长及产量提高,其中黄土高原地区苹果园生物炭与有机肥混施效果更好。
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| 关 键 词： | 苹果园 生物炭 有机肥 土壤有机碳组分 土壤pH |
Effect of Combination of Biochar and Organic Fertilizers on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions,Growth and Yield of Apple Orchard |
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| LI Xifeng,YANG Xiaoni,LUO Yanjun,WANG Junfeng,LI Bingzhi,HAN Mingyu and ZHANG Linsen.Effect of Combination of Biochar and Organic Fertilizers on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions,Growth and Yield of Apple Orchard[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2017(4):617-624. |
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| Authors: | LI Xifeng YANG Xiaoni LUO Yanjun WANG Junfeng LI Bingzhi HAN Mingyu and ZHANG Linsen |
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| Abstract: | This study explores the effect of biochar and organic fertilizers on soil organic carbon fractions,growth and yield of apple trees in the orchards of the Weibei dryland,Loess Plateau,China. A 3-year orchrd experiment was conducted,which consisted of four treatments:CK (control),B (rice husk biochar alone),OF (organic fertilizers alone) and B+OF (biochar + organic fertilizers). Soil samples were taken from 0-100 cm soil depth to examine the effects of different treatments on various soil organic carbon fractions. Results showed that B and B+OF treatments significantly increased contents of total soil organic carbon,particulate organic carbon,light fraction organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon,readily oxidizable organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon at 0-40 cm soil depth compared with CK. At 0-20 cm soil depth,the contents of readily oxidizable organic carbon under B and B+OF treatments significantly increased by 35% and 58% compared with CK. The particulate organic carbon mass fraction at 0-20 cm soil depth under B+OF,B and OF treatments increased by 0.44,0.24 and 0.138 g·kg-1,respectively,compared with CK. The soil total organic carbon content at 0-20 cm soil depth under B+OF,B and OF treatments increased by 60.1%,38% and 6.5%,respectively,compared with CK. Application of biochar increased soil pH from 7.49 (CK) to 7.89 (B) and 7.79 (B+OF). Plant height,stem diameter and annual shoot length of both B and B+OF were significantly higher than those of CK and the plant height under B+OF,B and OF treatments were 26.4%,19.4% and 15.7% higher than that of CK,respectively. The stem diameter under B+OF,B and OF treatments increased by 49.5%,12.9% and 5%,respectively. The B and B+OF treatments enhanced apple flower formation relative to CK and the number of flower buds was highest in the B+OF treatment. The yield per apple tree of treatments B+OF,OF and B increased by 43.3%,33.6% and 20.4%,respectively,compared with CK. Application of biochar and organic fertilizers improved mass fraction of soil organic carbon fractions and apple tree growth and yield. The combination of biochar and organic fertilizers was the most effective agricultural method in the apple orchards of the Loess Plateau. |
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| Keywords: | Apple orchard Biochar Organic fertilizer Soil organic carbon fractions Soil pH |
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