| 养殖粪水长期贮存过程理化特性变化规律 |
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| 引用本文： | 丁京涛,张朋月,赵立欣,孟海波,沈玉君,刘森泓.养殖粪水长期贮存过程理化特性变化规律[J].农业工程学报,2020,36(14):220-225. |
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| 作者姓名： | 丁京涛 张朋月 赵立欣 孟海波 沈玉君 刘森泓 |
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| 作者单位： | 农业农村部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所,北京 100121;农业农村部资源循环利用技术与模式综合性重点实验室,北京 100121;农业农村部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所,北京 100121 |
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| 基金项目： | 农业农村部规划设计研究院自主研发项目：畜禽养殖粪水酸化贮存及施用技术研究（项目编号：2018ZZYF0101） |
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| 摘 要： | 目前中国中小规模畜禽养殖场主要采用自然贮存后还田的形式处理养殖粪水,受场地制约,养殖粪水贮存时间通常仅有1～2个月,之后便直接还田利用,贮存后的粪水理化特性变化尚不清楚,是否适宜直接还田尚需研究。该研究以猪粪水和牛粪水为研究对象,重点分析粪水在长期贮存中粪大肠菌群、电导率(Electrical Conductance,EC)以及化学需氧量(Chemical Oxygen Demand,COD)的变化,分析粪水最佳贮存期及还田利用方式,以期为粪水资源化及安全还田提供参考。结果表明,粪水经自然贮存6个月,铵态氮损失达68%以上,不仅引起环境污染,且降低了养分;贮存后粪水基本可达到无害化要求,但pH值、EC值以及COD浓度仍然偏高,还田前应制定合理的粪水资源化利用方案;固液分离可以有效降低粪水中的COD浓度和EC值,促进粪水无害化进程。该研究为中国畜禽养殖粪水资源化用探索了新的技术路径。
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| 关 键 词： | 粪 贮存 化学需氧量 全盐量 粪大肠菌群数 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/3/19 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/5/19 0:00:00 |
Change rule of physical and chemical properties of slurry in the process of long-term storage |
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| Ding Jingtao,Zhang pengyue,Zhao Lixin,Meng Haibo,Shen Yujun,Liu Senhong.Change rule of physical and chemical properties of slurry in the process of long-term storage[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2020,36(14):220-225. |
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| Authors: | Ding Jingtao Zhang pengyue Zhao Lixin Meng Haibo Shen Yujun Liu Senhong |
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| Institution: | 1.Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, MARA, Beijing 100121, China; 2.Technology Management Division, Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People''s Republic of China, Beijing 100121, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Agricultural waste can be in the form of a liquid, slurry, or solid, such as manure, one of which the slurry is a mixture of urine, feces, washing water and disinfectant, containing complex components and many pathogenic bacteria. If the slurry was directly applied to farmland without any treatment, some severe negative effects can occur in this case. Firstly, the pathogenic bacteria in the slurry can be easy to enter the human body via the food chain, particularly harmful to human health. Secondly, the slurry contains a large amount of salt easy to cause crop "seedling burning", where ammonium salt is the main component of the salt in the slurry, mainly produced from the urine in the slurry to degrade the fecal organic matter. Finally, the degradation of organic matter in the slurry can make the soil in a temporary anoxic state, thereby to inhibit the growth of crops. At present, the general treatment to the slurry can be returning to the field after natural storage in most small and medium-scale livestock and poultry farms in China. Prior to directly returning to the field, the storage time of the slurry is usually only 1-2 months, particularly restricted by the sites. It is necessary to examine whether the stored slurry is suitable for returning to the field directly. The evolution of physical and chemical characteristics of the slurry after storage still remained unclear. Taking summer as the time node, while pig and cow manure water as the research objects, this paper aims to analyze the changes of fecal coliform, electric conductivity (EC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the long-term storage of slurry, in order to obtain the optimum storage period and utilization mode of slurry. The results showed that the loss of ammonium nitrogen was more than 68% after six months of natural storage, indicating that it caused environmental pollution, and further reduced the nutrient value of slurry. A suggestion can be made to cover the surface of slurry with shelter or add acidification agent, in order to reduce the ammonia emission in slurry storage. After that, the slurry can basically meet the requirements of harmless after storage, but the pH value, EC Value and COD content of slurry were still high unsuitable to use directly. The high value of pH and EC indicated that there was a high concentration of ammonium salt in the slurry, and the long-term unreasonable application of fecal sewage can lead to soil salinization. Moreover, the application of slurry with high COD content can inhibit the root growth of paddy crops, thereby to affect root respiration, leading to the reduction in the yield of paddy crops, but it has little effect on dry land crops. Therefore, it is necessary to make a reasonable plan for the utilization of manure water before applying manure water to farmland, in order to reduce the risk of manure water when directly returning to farmland. In addition, a solid-liquid separation can effectively reduce the COD content and EC value in the slurry, thereby to promote the process of harmless slurry. The finding can provide a sound reference for the utilization of slurry resource and safe returning to the field. |
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| Keywords: | manure storage chemical oxygen demand total salt fecal coliform count |
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