Photosensitivity in mice caused by pyropheophorbide in the midgut gland of the scallop <Emphasis Type="Italic">Patinopecten yessoensis</Emphasis> observed in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning mouse bioassays |
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| Authors: | Satoshi Hashimoto Kenichi Ueno Kenichi Takahashi Toshiyuki Suzuki Yutaka Itabashi |
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| Institution: | (1) Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan;(2) National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan;(3) Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan; |
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| Abstract: | Photosensitivity was observed in the mice used in bioassays of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. The mice were intraperitoneally
injected with the extracts from the midgut glands of cultured scallops Patinopecten yessoensis gathered in early spring in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan. The injections induced atypical symptoms in the mice within 24 h.
The symptoms included piloerection, substantial eye discharge, swelling of the ears and head, and ear scratching. They were
similar to those reported in studies of photosensitivity caused by pyropheophorbide in the midgut glands of abalones, which
are herbivorous gastropods. The problematic scallops also accumulated a large amount of pyropheophorbide-a. The amount determined with high-performance liquid chromatography was 300–530 μg per 1 g of the homogenate of the midgut
glands. The dose of pyropheophorbide sufficient to cause photosensitivity in a mouse is estimated to be 0.99–2.3 mg per mouse
with 20-g body weight. Moreover, comparative tests in mice showed that the onset of the symptoms required light and a substantial
amount of pyropheophorbide. Therefore, we determined that the observed symptoms were photosensitivity caused by pyropheophorbide.
Scallops, which are suspension-feeding bivalves, can accumulate a large amount of pyropheophorbide in the midgut glands depending
on the habitat environment. |
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