| 小型蔬菜移栽机选型 |
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| 引用本文： | 潘张磊,郭建业,张岚,张艳红,常青.小型蔬菜移栽机选型[J].农业工程,2019,9(11):13-16. |
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| 作者姓名： | 潘张磊 郭建业 张岚 张艳红 常青 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京市农业机械试验鉴定推广站，北京100079 |
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| 摘 要： | 移栽是蔬菜生产中的一个重要环节。目前京郊蔬菜生产移栽环节基本采用人工移栽，劳动强度大，生产效率低，生产成本高，与蔬菜规模化、集约化和高效化种植不相称，严重制约了京郊蔬菜产业的健康持续发展。针对此问题，开展小型蔬菜移栽机选型研究。选用近几年试验示范比较成功的3种小型蔬菜移栽机:现代农装牵引式2ZB-2型吊杯式移栽机、宝鸡鼎铎电动自走式2ZB-2型移植机和东风井关2ZY-2A（PVHR2-E18）型蔬菜移植机，通过田间试验与使用情况调研相结合，分析3种参试机具作业质量、作业效果、作业效率和作业成本等技术指标，筛选适合京郊蔬菜移栽的移栽机械。结果表明，3种移栽机移栽效果均达到了移栽的农艺要求。在面积较大园区规模化移栽时，采用牵引式移栽机效率最高，收益最好；在比较低矮的钢架大棚中移栽，电动自走式移栽机效果最好，且该移栽机1个人就能操作，在规模较小的园区十分适用；东风井关移栽机移栽效果最好，同时能很好地完成生菜等192穴小苗的移栽，适用于需要移栽小苗，或对移栽效果要求较高的园区。研究结果可为菜农选择蔬菜种植移栽机提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 蔬菜种植 移栽机 选型 |
Model Selection of Small Vegetable Transplanter |
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| PAN Zhanglei,GUO Jianye,ZHANG Lan,ZHANG Yanhong and CHANG Qing.Model Selection of Small Vegetable Transplanter[J].Agricultural Engineering,2019,9(11):13-16. |
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| Authors: | PAN Zhanglei GUO Jianye ZHANG Lan ZHANG Yanhong and CHANG Qing |
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| Abstract: | Transplanting is an important link in vegetable production.At present，transplant works are almost done by manpower in Beijing suburbs，manual transplanting has characteristics of labor intensity，low production efficiency and high production cost，it is not commensurate with requirements of large-scale，intensive and efficient planting of vegetables，which seriously restricts healthy and sustainable development of vegetable industry in Beijing suburbs.To solve this problem，research on model selection of small vegetable transplanter was carried out.3 kinds of small vegetable transplanter which have been successfully tested and demonstrated in recent years were chosen as experimental objects.Based on field experiment and application investigation，technical indexes such as working quality，operation efficiency and operation cost were analyzed to select suitable transplanter for vegetable transplanting in Beijing suburbs.Results showed that，transplanting effect of 3 transplanters could all reached agricultural requirements of transplanting.Large-scale transplanting in parks with large area，efficiency of pull-type transplanter was the highest，and had the best income.Transplanting in greenhouses with low and steel frame，electric self-propelled transplanter had the best operation effect，and electric self-propelled transplanter only need one person to operate，which was very suitable for smaller parks.Iseki transplanter had good operation effect，and it could well complete transplanting of small seedlings of lettuce and other seedlings with 192 holes，it was suitable for parks that needs transplanting small seedlings or requires higher transplanting effect.Research results could provide reference for vegetable farmers to choose suitable vegetable transplanter. |
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