| 有机物料与化肥配施提高黄泥田水稻产量和土壤肥力 |
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| 引用本文： | 宓文海,吴良欢,马庆旭,张宣,刘彦伶.有机物料与化肥配施提高黄泥田水稻产量和土壤肥力[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(13):103-108. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宓文海 吴良欢 马庆旭 张宣 刘彦伶 |
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| 作者单位： | 浙江大学教育部环境修复与生态健康重点实验室,杭州310058;浙江大学浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点实验室,杭州310058 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家“973”项目(2015CB150502)；公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003016)；国家自然科学基金(31172032) |
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| 摘 要： | 农业有机物料具有资源化再利用的特点,与化肥配施既可以保证作物产量,也可以提升地力。为了建立最适宜的南方低产黄泥田培肥模式,该文在浙江金衢盆地开展3年田间试验研究化肥与不同有机物料(菇渣、紫云英、牛粪和秸秆)配施对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:1)有机物料与化肥配施可以显著提高水稻产量,化肥+菇渣、化肥+紫云英、化肥+牛粪和化肥+秸秆处理下,水稻三年的平均产量分别比单施化肥提高了9.7%、9.5%、12.3%和9.5%;2)有机物料与化肥配合施用,土壤有机质、土壤养分(全氮、有效磷、速效钾和CEC)及土壤容重较单施化肥处理有一定程度的改善,其中,化肥+牛粪效果最明显,有机质质量分数提高了12.5%,土壤有效磷质量分数提高了37.7%,CEC提高了16.1%;3)与单施化肥相比,化肥+菇渣、化肥+牛粪处理下5 mm机械稳定性大团聚体分别提高了10.4%和6.7%,各配施处理均显著降低了团聚体破坏率。总得来讲,连续三年有机物料与化肥配施较单施化肥处理提高了水稻产量、改善了土壤肥力状况、增加了土壤团聚体稳定性,其中又以牛粪与化肥配合施用效果最佳。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤 有机物料 化肥 黄泥田 水稻 团聚体 土壤肥力 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/1/20 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/3/21 0:00:00 |
Combined application of organic materials and inorganic fertilizers improving rice yield and soil fertility of yellow clayey paddy soil |
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| Mi Wenhai,Wu Lianghuan,Ma Qingxu,Zhang Xuan and Liu Yanling.Combined application of organic materials and inorganic fertilizers improving rice yield and soil fertility of yellow clayey paddy soil[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(13):103-108. |
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| Authors: | Mi Wenhai Wu Lianghuan Ma Qingxu Zhang Xuan and Liu Yanling |
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| Institution: | Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China |
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| Abstract: | Agricultural organic materials are very important reusing resources, and they can play important roles in ensuring crop yields and improving soil fertility.In order to find the most optimum mode to bettering soil fertility in yellow clayey paddy soil in south China, we investigated the effects of different organic materials on rice growth and soil fertility when in combined application with inorganic fertilizers by a 3year field study, which was carried out in Jinhua County, Zhejiang Province.Six treatments were included:no fertilizers(CK), NPK alone(F), NPK plus mushroom residue compost(FR), NPK plus green manure(FG), NPK plus cattle manure(FM) and NPK plus rice straw(FS).All fertilization treatments received the same quantity of inorganic fertilizers(N:180 kg/hm2, P2O5:90 kg/hm2 and K2O:120 kg/hm2).For organic materials, according to local usage, the application rates were as follows:mushroom residue compost(dry weight:1500 kg/hm2), green manure (fresh weight:22500 kg/hm2), cattle manure (fresh weight:13500 kg/hm2), rice straw (dry weight:3000 kg/hm2).We determined the rice grain yield, yield components and biomass at different growth stages during 2011-2013, and soil organic matter (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium (K), cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, soil bulk density of 0~20 cm were determined after rice harvest in 2013.In addition, we measured the mechanicalstable and water stable soil aggregates(size classes:>5 mm, 2~5 mm, 1~2 mm, 0.5~1 mm, 0.25~0.5 mm) at the same time.The results showed that:1) combined application of organic materials significantly increased average rice yield for the 3 years, and FR, FG, FM and FS improved by 9.7%, 9.5%, 12.3% and 9.5% respectively compared to NPK alone; 2) combined application of organic materials improved SOC, TN, available P, exchangeable K and soil bulk density to some extent, especially for the FM treatment, it significantly increased SOC, available P and CEC by 12.5%, 37.7%, and 16.1% respectively compared to NPK alone; 3) FR and FM increased soil mechanicalstable aggregates (>5 mm) by 10.4% and 6.7%, and all treatments with organic materials significantly decreased the percentage of soil aggregate destruction.Overall, combined application of organic materials with inorganic fertilizers increased rice grain yield, improved soil fertility, enhanced stability of soil aggregates, and FM performed the best. |
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| Keywords: | soils organic materials inorganic fertilizers yellowclayey paddy soil rice aggregates soil fertility |
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