| 土壤及喷灌水量不均匀性对干旱区春小麦产量影响的试验研究 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 李久生,饶敏杰,张建君.土壤及喷灌水量不均匀性对干旱区春小麦产量影响的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(3):15-21. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 李久生 饶敏杰 张建君 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1. 国家节水灌溉北京工程技术研究中心
2. 中国农业科学院农业气象研究所 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金(编号：59779025，50179037)及科技部公益性研究资助项目 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 在一种土壤特性变异程度较大的砂土及壤质砂土上，对干旱地区喷灌条件下春小麦生育期内的土壤水分空间分布、作物产量等进行了监测，研究了田间持水量及土壤机械组成的空间变化特性。对田间持水量及土壤机械组成的统计分布及空间变异规律的分析结果表明，田间持水量可以用正态分布和对数正态分布来描述，土壤细颗粒(粒径＜0.02 mm)含量服从对数正态分布；田间持水量随土壤细颗粒含量的增加而明显增大，细颗粒含量离散程度较大时，田间持水量的离散程度也较大。田间试验结果还表明，喷灌均匀系数和可利用水量(田间持水量与凋萎系数之差)的离散程度对作物产量及其分布均有影响，但对所试验地块而言，可利用水量的离散程度对作物产量的影响更明显，在制订喷灌均匀系数设计标准时，土壤特性的空间变异也应作为一个考虑因素。由于干旱地区作物生育期降水量明显小于湿润和半湿润地区，降水难以弥补灌水不均匀对产量带来的负面影响，因此干旱地区喷灌均匀系数设计标准一般应高于湿润和半湿润地区。
|
| 关 键 词： | 喷灌 土壤 空间变异 干旱地区 春小麦 产量 |
| 文章编号： | 1002-6819(2002)03-0015-07 |
| 收稿时间： | 2002/1/28 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2002年1月28日 |
Influences of Spatial Variations of Soil and Nonuniform Sprinkler Irrigation on Spring Wheat Yield in Arid Regions |
| |
| Li Jiusheng,Rao Minjie and Zhang Jianjun.Influences of Spatial Variations of Soil and Nonuniform Sprinkler Irrigation on Spring Wheat Yield in Arid Regions[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2002,18(3):15-21. |
| |
| Authors: | Li Jiusheng Rao Minjie and Zhang Jianjun |
| |
| Abstract: | Field experiments were conducted on a sandy soil to study the effects of spatial variations of soil and nonuniform sprinkler irrigation on spring wheat yield in arid regions. The spatial variations of field capacity and soil texture were investigated. It was found that field capacity can be represented by both normal and lognormal distribution functions and a lognormal distribution function fits best to the observed silt and clay contents. As expected, field capacity greatly depends on the contents of silt and clay, increasing with the contents. Usually, a larger variation of silt and clay contents results in a larger variation of field capacity. Field experiments also demonstrated that both sprinkler nonuniformity and spatial variation of soil had effects on crop yield, but soil variation seemed to be more important for the studied soil. The spatial variation of soil should therefore be considered in selecting the target sprinkler uniformity. As the considerably less precipitation in arid regions cannot compensate for the negative effects of nonuniformly applied water on crop yield, a greater target sprinkler uniformity should be used in arid regions than in humid and semi-humid regions. |
| |
| Keywords: | sprinkler irrigation soil spatial variation arid regions spring wheat yield |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 维普 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》下载免费的PDF全文 |
