| 流沙湾浮游动物群落特征及与鱼贝养殖的关系 |
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| 引用本文： | 苏家齐,朱长波,李俊伟,李婷,陈素文,颉晓勇,张博.流沙湾浮游动物群落特征及与鱼贝养殖的关系[J].海洋渔业,2019,41(3):278-293. |
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| 作者姓名： | 苏家齐 朱长波 李俊伟 李婷 陈素文 颉晓勇 张博 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广州510300;中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广州510300;中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广州510300;中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广州510300;中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广州510300;中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广州510300;中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广州510300 |
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| 基金项目： | 广东省海洋渔业科技与产业发展专项项目;中国水产科学研究院院级基本科研业务费专项 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了解流沙湾养殖活动对浮游动物群落的影响,于2015—2016年对流沙湾海区进行了夏(8月)、秋(11月)、冬(2月)、春(5月)4个季度的浮游动物调查,分析了浮游动物群落特征及其与环境因子的相关性。共记录浮游动物18大类119种、浮游幼体17种。浮游动物种类组成以桡足类(45种)和端足类(20种)为主,其次为毛颚类(15种)、水螅水母类(12种)、等足类(6种)等。十足目幼体(Decapod larvae)为春、夏两季的主要优势类群,亚强次真哲水蚤( Subeucalanus subcrassus)、微驼隆哲水蚤(Acrocalanus gracilis)为秋季主要优势种,夜光虫(Noctiluca scintillans )为冬季主要优势种。年均浮游动物丰度和生物量分别为151.53个·m^-3 和73.48 mg·m^-3 。多维尺度分析(nMDS)结果表明,除春季外,流沙湾内湾浮游动物群落组成与外湾差异明显。典范对应分析(CCA)显示,溶解氧、磷酸盐、透明度、温度和硝酸盐等环境因子是影响浮游动物优势种分布的主要因素。在流沙湾海区,鱼类小网箱的养殖活动在夏秋两季对浮游动物群落组成和结构影响较大;贝类养殖区的浮游动物的丰度和生物量明显降低,但浮游动物群落组成及多样性与其它采样点差异不大。
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| 关 键 词： | 流沙湾 浮游动物 养殖活动 种类组成 |
Characteristics of zooplankton community and their correlation with fish and shellfish aquaculture in the Liusha Bay |
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| SU Jia-qi,ZHU Chang-bo,LI Jun-wei,LI Ting,CHEN Su-wen,XIE Xiao-yong,ZHANG Bo.Characteristics of zooplankton community and their correlation with fish and shellfish aquaculture in the Liusha Bay[J].Marine Fisheries,2019,41(3):278-293. |
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| Authors: | SU Jia-qi ZHU Chang-bo LI Jun-wei LI Ting CHEN Su-wen XIE Xiao-yong ZHANG Bo |
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| Institution: | (Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300,China) |
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| Abstract: | Liusha Bay is one of the major aquaculture areas of marine mollusca in Guangdong Province, renowned as dominant producing area of the south pearl. In order to study the environmental impacts caused by aquaculture activities, seasonal investigations (August, November, February and May) on zooplankton community in the Liusha Bay were carried out from summer of 2015 to spring of 2016. Zooplankton community characteristics in different seasons and their relationship with aquaculture were analyzed. A total of 119 zooplankton species and 17 groups of pelagic larvae were recorded, belonging to 18 taxonomic groups. Copepod (45 species) and Amphipod (20 species) were the main taxonomic groups, followed by Chaetognatha (15 species), Hydrozoa (12 species), Isopoda (6 species), etc. Decapod larvae was the main dominant species in spring and summer, Subeucalanus subcrassus and Acrocalanus gracilis were the main dominant species in autumn, Noctiluca scintillans was the main dominant species in winter. Decapod larvae, Sagitta enflata , Copepod larvae, Sagitta bedoti , fish eggs, Acartia erythraea, Sagitta larvae, Subeucalanus subcrassus, Acrocalanus gracilis were found in each season and were dominant species in certain seasons. Meanwhile, Decapod larvae and Sagitta enflata were dominant species in three seasons except winter. The annual average density was 151.53 ind·m -3 , ranking as winter (455.16 ind·m^-3 )>summer (93.63 ind·m^-3 )>autumn (28.70 ind·m^-3 )> spring (28.63 ind·m^-3 ). The annual average biomass was 73.48 mg·m^-3 , ranking as summer (148.38 mg·m^-3 )>winter (107.07 mg·m^-3 )>autumn (22.87 mg·m^-3 )>spring (15.59 mg·m^-3 ).Community clustering and nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses showed that the community structure of zooplankton community in inner bay and outer bay varied except in spring. Canonical correspondence analysis suggested that the main variables affecting the dominant species distribution were dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrate (NO 3-N), water transparency and temperature. Compared with the control (no-culture area in outer bay), the density and biomass of the scallop culture area were lower in three seasons except summer. In the fish culture area, the density and biomass of zooplankton were higher in summer but lower in autumn than those in control. In general, zooplankton diversity of fish culture and scallop culture area were slightly lower than that of no-culture area in outer bay. The results indicate that cage fish farming activity had large impacts on the composition and structure of the zooplankton community in summer and autumn. Furthermore, decline in the density and biomass of zooplankton was found in large-scale shellfish culture area. However, shellfish culture had limited effects on the community structure and diversity of zooplankton in the Liusha bay. |
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| Keywords: | Liusha bay zooplankton aquaculture activity species composition |
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