| 滴灌均匀系数和施氮量对白菜生长及产量和品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 李久生,尹剑锋,张 航,栗岩峰.滴灌均匀系数和施氮量对白菜生长及产量和品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):36-43. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李久生 尹剑锋 张 航 栗岩峰 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国水利水电科学研究院水利科学研究所；2. 国家节水灌溉北京工程技术研究中心；;3. 中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院;1. 中国水利水电科学研究院水利科学研究所；2. 国家节水灌溉北京工程技术研究中心；;1. 中国水利水电科学研究院水利科学研究所；2. 国家节水灌溉北京工程技术研究中心； |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（50979115）；国家自然科学基金创新研究群体基金（50721006） |
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| 摘 要： | 为了完善滴灌均匀系数设计与评价标准，在日光温室内研究了滴灌均匀系数和施氮量对白菜生长、氮素吸收、相对叶绿素含量（SPAD）、产量和品质的影响。试验中均匀系数设置0.62、0.80和0.96 3个水平，施氮量设置150和300 kg/hm2 2个水平。土壤多参数传感器Hydra Probe的监测结果表明，白菜生育期内不同处理的土壤含水率和温度变化动态基本一致，而不同处理间的土壤电导率的差异主要是由其初始值不同引起的。当滴灌均匀系数不大于80%时，白菜株高、干物质质量、吸氮量和产量的均匀系数大于灌水和施肥的均匀系数，且滴灌均匀系数对株高、干物质质量、相对叶绿素含量（SPAD）、吸氮量、产量及Vc含量、总糖、硝酸盐、纤维素等品质指标均值和均匀系数的影响均不显著（α=0.05）。因此采用过高的均匀系数，对提高产量和改善品质的作用不明显，采用现行滴灌均匀系数的设计和评价标准（均匀系数Cu≥0.80）不会对白菜的生长、养分吸收和产量造成不利影响，可考虑适当降低。
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| 关 键 词： | 灌溉，土壤，水分，均匀系数，白菜，产量，品质 |
| 收稿时间： | 7/9/2010 12:00:00 AM |
| 修稿时间： | 2010/12/3 0:00:00 |
Effects of drip fertigation uniformity and nitrogen application level on growth, yield and quality of Chinese cabbage |
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| Li Jiusheng,Yin Jianfeng,Zhang Hang and Li Yanfeng.Effects of drip fertigation uniformity and nitrogen application level on growth, yield and quality of Chinese cabbage[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(1):36-43. |
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| Authors: | Li Jiusheng Yin Jianfeng Zhang Hang and Li Yanfeng |
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| Institution: | Li Jiusheng1,2,Yin Jianfeng3,Zhang Hang1,Li Yanfeng1,2 (1. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China,2. National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research-Beijing,3. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China) |
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| Abstract: | The effects of drip fertigation uniformity and nitrogen application level on crop growth, nitrogen uptake, chlorophyll meter reading (SPAD), yield and quality of Chinese cabbage were investigated in a solar greenhouse to determine the design and evaluation standard of drip irrigation uniformity. Three Christiansen uniformity coefficients of 0.62, 0.80 and 0.96 and two levels of nitrogen applied at 150 and 300 kg/hm2 were used. The continuous measurements using TDR sensors of Hydra Probe demonstrated an approximately similar variation pattern of soil water content and temperature during the growing season of Chinese cabbage for all the treatments tested. The observed difference of soil bulk electrical conductivity (ECb) for different treatments could mainly attribute to the difference of the initial ECb values. Plant height, dry matter above ground, nitrogen uptake and yield with the drip irrigation system demonstrated a more uniform distribution than those with water and fertilizers applied at fertigation uniformity coefficient equal to or less than 0.80. It was found that the influence of fertigation uniformity on plant height, dry matter above ground, nitrogen uptake and yield was insignificant at a significance level of 0.05. The quality indexes of Chinese cabbage, including vitamin C, total sugar, nitrate and cellulose were also insignificantly affected by fertigation uniformity at the same significance level. Increasing fertigation uniformity might not necessarily result in an increased yield and an improved quality of Chinese cabbage. As no negative influence of fertigation uniformity on crop growth, nitrogen uptake and yield was observed, it is suggested that lower uniformity values of drip irrigation system below those recommended by the current standards can be considered. |
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| Keywords: | irrigation soils moisture uniformity coefficient Chinese cabbage yield quality |
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