| 西部黄土丘陵区不同草地土壤侵蚀对侵蚀性降雨的响应 |
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| 引用本文： | 邵臻,张富,陈瑾,张佰林.西部黄土丘陵区不同草地土壤侵蚀对侵蚀性降雨的响应[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(6):9-15. |
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| 作者姓名： | 邵臻 张富 陈瑾 张佰林 |
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| 作者单位： | 甘肃农业大学 林学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070,甘肃农业大学 林学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070,甘肃省定西市水土保持科学研究所, 甘肃 定西 743000,甘肃省定西市水土保持科学研究所, 甘肃 定西 743000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目“人类活动干扰下陇中黄土高原生态系统服务功能相互关系研究”（41571051） |
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| 摘 要： | 目的]研究西部黄土丘陵区人工和天然草地对不同类型侵蚀性降雨的响应,为该区植被建设和水土流失防治提供指导。方法]利用甘肃省定西市安家沟径流场2007—2015年的观测数据,分析侵蚀性降雨因素对坡度为20°的人工草地和天然草地土壤侵蚀的影响。结果]西部黄土丘陵区的侵蚀性降雨分布在5—9月,其中7—8月的侵蚀性雨量较大,其侵蚀量占年均侵蚀的70%以上。两种不同类型的草地侵蚀量均与PI10相关性最好。该区域侵蚀性降雨主要是中雨和大雨,造成的草地侵蚀量占年均侵蚀的86%。中、高雨强型降雨的侵蚀量分别占人工、天然草地总量的90.8%和91.2%,其侵蚀量与PI10,PI30呈较好的幂函数关系。大于300 MJ·mm/(hm2·h)的高侵蚀力型降雨引起的侵蚀量最大,分别占人工、天然草地总侵蚀量的32.3%和33.4%;50~100MJ·mm/(hm2·h)的中侵蚀力型降雨次数最多,而引起人工、天然草地的侵蚀占相应总量的26.0%和29.1%。结论]人工草地(盖度75%~82%)和天然草地(盖度80%)的侵蚀性降雨量标准分别为11.3和11.9mm,最大I10标准分别为10.4和11.7mm/h。天然草地比人工草地具有更好的水土保持效果。
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| 关 键 词： | 西部黄土丘陵区 草地 侵蚀性降雨 降雨侵蚀力 侵蚀量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/3/12 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/5/15 0:00:00 |
Response of Soil Erosion in Different Grasslands to Erosive Rainfall in Western Loess Hilly Region |
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| SHAO Zhen,ZHANG Fu,CHEN Jin and ZHANG Bailin.Response of Soil Erosion in Different Grasslands to Erosive Rainfall in Western Loess Hilly Region[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,37(6):9-15. |
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| Authors: | SHAO Zhen ZHANG Fu CHEN Jin and ZHANG Bailin |
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| Institution: | College of Forestry in Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China,College of Forestry in Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China,Dingxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dingxi, Gansu 743000, China and Dingxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dingxi, Gansu 743000, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective] The responses of natural and artificial grassland to different types of erosive rainfall in loess hilly region of Western China were researched to provide guidance for vegetation construction and soil erosion control in this area.Methods] Based on the data measured in 2007-2015 from runoff plots located in Anjiagou catchment, Dingxi City, we analyzed the influences of erosive rainfall on the erosions on 20° slopes of artificial grassland and natural grassland.Results] In the study area, the erosive rainfall mainly occurs from May to September, and is greater in July and August, and correspondingly the amount of erosion caused by it is more than 70% of the annual erosion. Erosions observed on the two different types of grassland were both finely correlated with PI10. The erosive rainfall mainly refers to moderate rain and heavy rain, the amount of erosion caused by the two intensity rainfalls accounts for about 86% of the annual erosion. The erosion amounts observed in artificial and natural grassland caused by moderate & high intensity rainfalls were 90.8% and 91.2% of total erosion amount, respectively. The amount of soil erosion can well expressed by power function with PI10, PI30 as independent variables. Rainfall with 300 MJ·mm/(hm2·h) or greater erosivity caused the largest proportional soil erosion, for artificial and natural grasslands, the proportion was 32.3% and 33.4%, respectively; rainfall with erosivity of 50~100 MJ·mm/(hm2·h) was most frequent, the erosion amount proportions were 26.0% and 29.1% of the total observed erosions, respectively.Conclusion] The lower amount criteria of erosive rainfall for artificial grassland(coverage of 75%~82%) and natural grassland(coverage of more than 80%) were 11.3 mm and 11.9 mm, respectively; and the maximum I10 were 10.4 mm/h and 11.7 mm/h, respectively. The natural grassland has better effect of soil and water conservation than artificial grassland has. |
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| Keywords: | western loess hilly region grassland erosive rainfall rainfall erosivity erosion amount |
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