| 我国化学肥料和农药减施增效综合技术研发顶层布局与实施进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 张凯,冯推紫,熊超,张昭.我国化学肥料和农药减施增效综合技术研发顶层布局与实施进展[J].植物保护学报,2019,46(5):943-953. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张凯 冯推紫 熊超 张昭 |
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| 作者单位： | 农业农村部科技发展中心, 北京 100122,农业农村部科技发展中心, 北京 100122,农业农村部科技发展中心, 北京 100122,农业农村部科技发展中心, 北京 100122 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家财政项目“专业机构管理费”（2069999） |
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| 摘 要： | 化学肥料和农药是保障国家粮食安全和主要农产品有效供给不可替代的投入品,2015年我国以占世界7%的耕地面积,投入了超过世界总量33%的化肥农药。因此,围绕解决我国化肥农药过量施用带来的生态环境污染、农产品质量安全、耕地质量下降、生物多样性破坏、农产品生产成本持续升高等问题已成为关注重点。2016年至今,"化学肥料和农药减施增效综合技术研发"试点专项以突破减施途径和创新减施产品与技术装备为抓手,聚焦粮食作物、经济作物、蔬菜、果树等重要农产品,依托农业产业政策进行了一体化实施。本文综述了此专项的整体布局、实施效果、科技产出、推广成效和管理经验,统计分析了研发、试验、转化、推广过程中的年度任务部署、中央财政资金分布、主持单位及课题单位分布、参与人员结构层次等相关数据,并总结了基础理论研究、共性关键技术、集成示范推广3个研究领域的阶段性成效,以期为减肥减药领域相关科研人员、推广机构、管理部门、技术用户、经营主体等提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 化肥 农药 减施增效 负增长 国家重点研发计划 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/5/24 0:00:00 |
Top design and progress in research and development of synthesis technique for reduction and synergy of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in China |
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| Zhang Kai,Feng Tuizi,Xiong Chao and Zhang Zhao.Top design and progress in research and development of synthesis technique for reduction and synergy of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in China[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,2019,46(5):943-953. |
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| Authors: | Zhang Kai Feng Tuizi Xiong Chao and Zhang Zhao |
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| Institution: | Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100122, China,Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100122, China,Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100122, China and Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100122, China |
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| Abstract: | Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are irreplaceable agricultural inputs to ensure national food security and effective supply of major agricultural products. In 2015, the cultivated area of China only accounts for 7% of the world; however the chemical fertilizers and pesticides consumed more than 33% of the world. Since 2016, the specific funding of "Research and Development of Synthesis Technique for Reduction and Synergy of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides" was carried out to solve the problems caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, such as ecological environmental pollution, safety of agricultural products, decline of cultivated land quality, destruction of biological diversity, and continuous increase of production costs of agricultural products. Depending on the means, products and equipment for reduction, this funding was designed to focus on important agricultural products such as food crops, cash crops, vegetables and fruiters and integrally implemented in compliance with the agricultural policy. The overall layout, effect of of implementation, science and technology output, technical popularization and managerial experiences of this funding were introduced, the data related to annual task deployment, fund distribution, undertaking unit arrangement, personnel structure during its research, test, transformation, and extension were analyzed. Besides,thecurrent achievements in three areas of basic theory, key technologyand technology extension were also summarized, hoping to provide references for relevant researchers, service centers, administrative departments, technical users and business subjects. |
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| Keywords: | chemical fertilizer pesticides reduction and synergy negative growth national key R&D program of China |
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