Effects of age on the electroencephalographic response to castration in lambs anaesthetised using halothane in oxygen |
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| Authors: | CB Johnson KJ Stafford SP Sylvester RN Ward S Mitchinson DJ Mellor |
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| Institution: | 1. Animal Welfare Science and Bioethics Centre , Massey University , Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand E-mail: c.b.johnson@massey.ac.nz;2. Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand;3. Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand;4. Animal Welfare Science and Bioethics Centre , Massey University , Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand E-mail: c.b.johnson@massey.ac.nz |
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| Abstract: | AIM: To use the electroencephalogram (EEG) to ascertain whether the response of the cerebral cortex to the noxious stimulus of castration varied with age in lambs. METHODS: Two groups of East Friesian lambs were selected according to age; the mean age of the younger group (n=21) was 12 (SD 2) days and the older group (n=20) was 29 (SD 1) days. Anaesthesia was induced via mask using 4% halothane in oxygen, and maintained using 1.5% halothane in oxygen at a flow rate of 4 L/min. Once a stable plane of anaesthesia had been achieved, data collection of EEG and electrocardiographic (ECG) readings commenced, and the lambs were castrated 15 min later, using rubber rings. Median and 95% spectral edge frequencies (F95) and total EEG power (ptot) were derived from data from the EEG. RESULTS: Following castration, there was an increase in the median frequency (F50) in the younger lambs (p=0.002), and an increase in ptot in both groups (p=0.05), which was of greater magnitude in the older lambs. There were no significant changes in the F95. Both younger and older lambs exhibited a transient bradycardia (p=0.001 and p=0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These differences in the cortical response between the two groups suggest that 2-week-old lambs undergo a qualitatively different perception of the noxious stimulus of castration compared to 4-week-old lambs. |
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| Keywords: | Electroencephalogram nociception pain lambs castration |
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