Yields and quality of Cynara cardunculus L. wild and cultivated cardoon genotypes. A case study from a marginal land in Central Italy |
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| Institution: | 1. Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l''analisi dell''economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per lo Studio delle Relazioni tra Pianta e Suolo (CREA-RPS),Via della Navicella, 2-4, 00184 Roma, Italy;2. Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l''analisi dell''economia agraria, Unità di Ricerca per la Zootecnia Estensiva (CREA-ZOE), Via Appia, Bella Scalo, 85054 Muro Lucano, PZ, Italy;1. Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551, United States;2. Biology and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551, United States;1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China;2. Yangzhou Meteorological Administration, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China;3. Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 4L8, Canada;4. Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea;5. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China;6. Henan Napu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China;7. Research Center for Camelina Sativaplanting and Engineering Technology, Anyang, Henan Province, 455000, China;8. Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China;1. Unite Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan;2. College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou 510642, China;3. Center for Field Science Research & Education, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan;4. Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan;5. Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkido University, Kita 11, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0811, Japan;6. Soil Ecology Research Group, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan;7. College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan;1. DAFNAE Dept., University of Padova, Viale Dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy;2. Veneto Agricoltura, Settore Ricerca Agraria, Viale dell’Università 14, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy;3. Regione del Veneto, Sezione Agroambiente, Settore Politiche Agroambientali, Via Torino 110, Mestre (VE), Italy;4. TESAF Dept., University of Padova, Viale Dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy;5. Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35121 Padova, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Cardoon yields and quality under low input conditions (reduced nitrogen fertilization and rainfed conditions) in a marginal land of Central Italy are presented. During 2011–2013, two cultivated and two wild cardoons were compared for the lignocellulosic biomass production, grain yield, and their chemical composition. The results showed a 3-year average aboveground biomass and grain yield in the range 8–18 and 1.2–2.8 t ha−1 dry matter respectively, significantly higher in the cultivated genotypes. The grain lipid contents were not significantly different as average, but the wild genotype Tolfa achieved the highest content (20.3%) in the last year of research. Average oil yields were 0.45 and 0.23 t ha−1 in cultivated and wild genotypes respectively. ANOVA showed a general prevalent influence of the genotype factor (G) on crop yields, and grain lipid and protein contents; on the other hand, the nitrogen factor (N) never showed significant effects on the different parameters. The chemical composition of the lignocellulosic biomass showed slight differences among the genotypes, but not always significant. Cardoon cultivation improved soil fertility parameters, even if differences were not always statistically different. Considering the results, dedicated production chains could be implemented in many Italian Regions taking advantage also from the availability of wild cardoon genotypes. The production costs and revenues analysis of cardoon in comparison with other herbaceous annual crops, demonstrated the low cultivation costs per hectare, the higher total revenues deriving from the yield outcomes, and its suitability for the inclusion in arable cropping systems in marginal lands. |
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| Keywords: | Cardoon Genotypes Yield Quality Mediterranean crops |
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