| 刈割留茬高度对青稞饲草与籽粒产量及饲用品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王小萍,白羿雄,姚晓华,姚有华,李 新,安立昆,吴昆仑.刈割留茬高度对青稞饲草与籽粒产量及饲用品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2023(4):513-523. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王小萍 白羿雄 姚晓华 姚有华 李 新 安立昆 吴昆仑 |
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| 作者单位： | （1.青海大学/青海省农林科学院/青海省青稞遗传育种重点实验室/国家麦类改良中心青海青稞分中心，青海西宁 810016； 2.西北农林科技大学农学院，陕西杨凌 712100） |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2020YFD/00/403）;青海省科技成果转化项目(2020-NK-119)；青海省农林科学院重点研发项目(2019-NKY-01)；国家自然科学基金项目(32060483)；国家现代农业产业技术体系(大麦青稞)建设专项(CAS-05) |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究适宜于高寒区青稞多元化利用最佳刈割留茬高度，以昆仑14号、昆仑18号和柴青1号为试验材料，以未刈割为对照(CK),于分蘖盛期开展不同留茬高度的刈割处理，探究留茬高度对青稞农艺性状、籽粒产量、饲草产量及营养品质的影响。结果表明，随着刈割留茬高度的降低，各青稞品种青苗饲草产量均呈逐渐增加的趋势；青苗中粗蛋白含量呈逐渐降低趋势，而纤维类物质含量呈逐渐升高的趋势，使青苗相对饲喂价值显著降低。各青稞品种秸秆饲草产量随刈割留茬高度的降低而降低，且降幅随留茬高度的降低而增大。刈割使青稞秸秆中粗蛋白含量增多，纤维类物质含量减少，相对饲喂价值升高。留茬8 cm有助于促进青稞穗部、茎部和根系的生长发育，使籽粒产量升高；留茬5 cm会抑制青稞各器官的生长发育，使籽粒产量锐减。各品种在留茬8 cm时综合经济产值最高，其中昆仑14号综合经济产值最高，为2.86×104元·hm-2。参试材料中，昆仑14号为高寒区最适用于粮饲兼用的青稞品种，8 cm为适宜于青稞饲草与籽粒兼收的最佳刈割留茬高度。
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| 关 键 词： | 青稞 刈割留茬高度 农艺性状 产量 营养品质 |
Effect of Mowing Stubble Height on Forage and Grain Yield and Forage Quality Characteristics of Hulless Barley |
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| WANG Xiaoping,BAI Yixiong,YAO Xiaohu,YAO Youhu,LI Xin,AN Likun,WU Kunlun.Effect of Mowing Stubble Height on Forage and Grain Yield and Forage Quality Characteristics of Hulless Barley[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2023(4):513-523. |
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| Authors: | WANG Xiaoping BAI Yixiong YAO Xiaohu YAO Youhu LI Xin AN Likun WU Kunlun |
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| Abstract: | In order to investigate the best mowing stubble height for hulless barley diversification in alpine areas, different stubble height was mowed at tillering stage.Kunlun 14, Kunlun 18 and Chaiqing 1 were used as the test materials. Four mowing treatments were set up with different stubble height, with the control which was not mowed(CK), to investigate the effects of stubble height on agronomic traits, grain and forage yield, and forage quality characteristics of hulless barley. The results showed that the yield of forage of all hulless barley varieties tended to gradually increase with the decrease of the mowing stubble height. As stubble height decreased, the crude protein content of seedlings forage gradually decreased, but the fiber content gradually increased, resulting to reduce relative feed value of seedlings. With the decrease of stubble height, the straw forage yield of each hulless barley variety decreased with an increased decline rate. Mowing increased the crude protein content, but decreased the fiber content in hulless barley straw, which resulted in the increased relative feed value of the straw. The stubble of 8 cm contributed to promote the growth and developmentof spikes, stems and roots of hulless barley, resulting in higher grain yield; while the stubble of 5 cm inhibited the growth and development of all organs of the hulless barley, which resulted in the greatly reduced grain yield. When the stubble was 8 cm, all varieties had the highest economic production , among which Kunlun 14 had the highest economic production(28.61 million yuan·hm-2). Kunlun 14 is the hulless barley variety most suitable for dual-use(grain and forage) in alpine regions, and its best mowing height was 8 cm. |
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| Keywords: | Hulless barley Mowing stubble height Agronomic traits Yield Nutritional quality |
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