The first report of autochthonous non-vector-borne transmission of canine leishmaniosis in the Nordic countries |
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| Authors: | Veera Karkamo Anu Kaistinen Anu N?reaho Kati Dillard Katri Vainio-Siukola Gabriele Vidgrén Niina Tuoresm?ki Marjukka Anttila |
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| Institution: | .Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Pathology Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland ;.Veterinary Clinic Tähti, Kypärätie 19, FI-40630 Jyväskylä, Finland ;.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland ;.Movet Oy, Bioteknia 1, Neulaniementie 2, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundLeishmania spp. are zoonotic protozoans that infect humans and other mammals such as dogs. The most significant causative species in dogs is L. infantum. In dogs, leishmaniosis is a potentially progressive, chronic disease with varying clinical outcomes. Autochthonous cases of canine leishmaniosis have not previously been reported in the Nordic countries.ResultsIn this report we describe the first diagnosed autochthonous cases of canine leishmaniosis in Finland, in which transmission via a suitable arthropod vector was absent. Two Finnish boxers that had never been in endemic areas of Leishmania spp., had never received blood transfusions, nor were infested by ectoparasites were diagnosed with leishmaniosis. Another dog was found with elevated Leishmania antibodies. A fourth boxer dog that had been in Spain was considered to be the source of these infections. Transmission occurred through biting wounds and semen, however, transplacental infection in one of the dogs could not be ruled out.Two of the infected dogs developed a serious disease and were euthanized and sent for necropsy. The first one suffered from membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and the second one had a chronic systemic disease. Leishmania sp. was detected from tissues by PCR and/or IHC in both dogs. The third infected dog was serologically positive for Leishmania sp. but remained free of clinical signs.ConclusionsThis case report shows that imported Leishmania-infected dogs may pose a risk for domestic dogs, even without suitable local arthropod vectors. |
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| Keywords: | Canine leishmaniosis Venereal/horizontal/vertical transmission Glomerulonephritis Boxer dog Zoonosis Dog bites |
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