| 猪粪与玉米秸秆好氧堆肥处理及其安全性评价 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘歆,陈群,邱玉朗,侯国喜,李林,闫晓刚,柳冬梅,吕智超,高星爱,李忠和,张云影,闫秋良.猪粪与玉米秸秆好氧堆肥处理及其安全性评价[J].中国畜牧兽医,2022,49(12):4945-4952. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘歆 陈群 邱玉朗 侯国喜 李林 闫晓刚 柳冬梅 吕智超 高星爱 李忠和 张云影 闫秋良 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 吉林省农业科学院, 长春 130033;2. 吉林天焱现代农业发展有限公司, 辽源 136200;3. 吉林省经济管理干部学院, 长春 130012 |
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| 基金项目： | 吉林省科技发展计划重点研发项目（20200402047NC）；吉林省农业科技创新工程项目（CXGC2021ZY125） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探讨以不同比例的猪粪和玉米秸秆为原料进行好氧堆肥对堆肥质量的影响，并对堆肥产品进行安全评价，为猪粪与秸秆的资源化利用研究提供参考。【方法】以猪粪和玉米秸秆为材料，分别按猪粪和玉米秸秆体积比4：6（A组）、6：4（B组）和8：2（C组）混合堆肥。堆肥期共55 d，每天记录堆体和环境温度，在第0、5、15、25、35、45、55天采集堆体样品，并测定样品的含水量、pH和种子发芽指数，以及第0和55天养分含量（全磷、全钾、总氮）、有机质含量、重金属含量（总砷、总汞、总铅、总镉、总铬）、粪大肠菌群数和蛔虫卵死亡率。【结果】试验A、B和C组堆肥温度随着堆肥时间的增加均呈先上升后下降趋势，各组间差异不显著（P>0.05）；含水量随堆肥时间增加均不断减少，各组间差异不显著（P>0.05）；pH均在7.5~9.1之间波动，变化趋势基本一致，各组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。试验A、B和C组堆肥结束时样品总养分含量分别为6.94%、7.36%和6.95%，有机质含量分别为48%、45%和39%，均达到NY/T 525-2021标准的要求；3组种子发芽指数在堆肥结束时都在80%以上，表明腐熟完全，其中A和B组在35 d后均超过100%；A、B和C组堆肥结束时样品重金属含量、粪大肠菌群数和蛔虫卵死亡率的检测结果均低于有机肥标准的限值，其中A和B组的粪大肠菌群数<3个/g，蛔虫卵死亡率均为100%。【结论】猪粪和玉米秸秆按体积比4：6配比更有利于堆肥腐熟，可缩短堆肥周期，并达到了粪便无害化和有机肥料的标准要求。
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| 关 键 词： | 猪粪 玉米秸秆 好氧堆肥法 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-06-05 |
Aerobic Composting Treatment of Pig Manure with Corn Straw and Its Safety Evaluation |
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| LIU Xin,CHEN Qun,QIU Yulang,HOU Guoxi,LI Lin,YAN Xiaogang,LIU Dongmei,LYU Zhichao,GAO Xingai,LI Zhonghe,ZHANG Yunying,YAN Qiuliang.Aerobic Composting Treatment of Pig Manure with Corn Straw and Its Safety Evaluation[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2022,49(12):4945-4952. |
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| Authors: | LIU Xin CHEN Qun QIU Yulang HOU Guoxi LI Lin YAN Xiaogang LIU Dongmei LYU Zhichao GAO Xingai LI Zhonghe ZHANG Yunying YAN Qiuliang |
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| Institution: | 1. Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China;2. Jilin Tianyan Modern Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Liaoyuan 136200, China;3. Jilin Economic Management Cadre College, Changchun 130012, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 To explore the influence of aerobic composting with different proportions of pig manure and corn straw on the composting quality, and to evaluate the safety of composting products to provide reference for the resource utilization of pig manure and straw.【Method】 Using pig manure and corn straw as materials, three groups were set in the experiment, which were composted according to the volume ratio of pig manure and corn straw of 4:6 (group A), 6:4 (group B) and 8:2 (group C).The composting period lasts for 55 days.The temperature of the fermentation reactor and the ambient temperature were recorded daily, the reactor samples were collected on days 0, 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55, and the water content, pH and seed germination index of the samples were measured, as well as the total nutrient content(total phosphorus, total potassium, total nitrogen), organic matter content, heavy metal content (total arsenic, total mercury, total lead, total cadmium, total chromium), fecal coliform group number and Ascaris egg mortality on days 0 and 55.【Result】 In groups A, B and C, the composting temperature increased first and then decreased with the increase of composting time, and the difference between groups was not significant (P>0.05);The water content decreased continuously, and the difference between groups was not significant (P>0.05);pH fluctuated between 7.5 and 9.1, and the change trend was basically the same, with no significant difference between groups (P>0.05).At the end of composting, the total nutrient contents of the samples in groups A, B and C were 6.94%, 7.36% and 6.95%, respectively, and the organic matter contents were 48%, 45% and 39%, respectively, which met the standard requirements of NY/T 525-2021.The seed germination indexes of the three groups were more than 80% at the end of composting, indicating that the decompositions were complete, in which the groups A and B exceeded 100% after 35 days.At the end of composting, the content of heavy metals, the number of fecal coliforms and the mortality of Ascaris eggs in groups A, B and C were all lower than the limits of the organic fertilizer standard.The number of fecal coliforms in groups A and B were <3/g, and the mortality of Ascaris eggs was 100%.【Conclusion】 The ratio of pig manure to corn straw by volume was 4:6, which was more conducive to composting maturity, could shorten the composting cycle, and met the standard requirements of harmless manure and organic fertilizer. |
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| Keywords: | pig manure corn straw aerobic composting |
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