| 基质中添加适宜玉米秸秆促进马铃薯脱毒苗生长 |
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| 引用本文： | 李 爽,侯 杰,张婧颖,李 想,韩玉珠.基质中添加适宜玉米秸秆促进马铃薯脱毒苗生长[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(19):195-201. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李 爽 侯 杰 张婧颖 李 想 韩玉珠 |
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| 作者单位： | 吉林农业大学园艺学院，长春 130118,吉林农业大学园艺学院，长春 130118,吉林农业大学园艺学院，长春 130118,吉林农业大学园艺学院，长春 130118,吉林农业大学园艺学院，长春 130118 |
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| 基金项目： | 吉林省马铃薯产业技术体系建设-马铃薯新品种选育、种薯繁育及贮藏技术的研究2014（20140202） |
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| 摘 要： | 马铃薯微型薯常用栽培基质中,草炭是不可再生的,可供利用的资源有限。蛭石一般可使用一年,重复利用率低,且生产成本高。在马铃薯微型薯栽培基质中,玉米秸秆基质还未得到有效利用,玉米秸秆资源丰富,价格低廉。该试验对玉米秸秆基质在马铃薯微型薯生产上的应用效果进行了研究,通过比较分析试验结果,以期找到玉米秸秆在马铃薯微型薯栽培基质上较适宜的应用比例。该试验以马铃薯‘春薯四号’脱毒苗为试验材料,将玉米秸秆进行发酵腐熟,草炭过1 cm筛后,用玉米秸秆、草炭、蛭石、沙子、田园土5种基质材料按照不同体积比混配成6种复合基质,分别为M1(草炭:蛭石=1:1)、M2(玉米秸秆:草炭:蛭石=1:1:2)、M3(玉米秸秆:草炭:沙子=1:3:4)、M4(玉米秸秆:草炭:沙子=1:1:2)、M5(玉米秸秆:沙子:田园土=3:4:1)、M6(玉米秸秆:田园土=3:2)。基质材料按比例混配均匀后使用50%的多来宝可湿性粉剂500倍液和50%的多菌灵可湿性粉剂1 000倍液进行杀虫灭菌。将试验棚内土地耙平整,地面上方铺设防虫网,用砖砌9个2.4 m×1 m(长×宽)的试验槽,槽间过道宽40 cm,将每个试验槽分隔成2个面积相等的试验小区,共18个,每个小区面积1.2 m2。采用随机区组试验设计,设3次重复试验。马铃薯脱毒苗定植前在试验棚上方放置透光率为50%的遮阳网,待马铃薯脱毒苗缓苗期过后将其取下。从马铃薯脱毒苗定植开始每隔15 d进行随机采样,测定指标,分析比较6种不同配比基质对马铃薯脱毒苗形态指标株高、茎粗、叶片数、茎节数、地上部分及地下部分鲜质量的影响,及生理指标叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量、根系活力的影响。结果表明:M2(玉米秸秆:草炭:蛭石=1:1:2)的更有利于马铃薯脱毒苗的生长,缓苗时间短,植株较健壮,其中株高、茎粗、地下部鲜质量增长量多于其他基质,叶绿素a、叶绿素总量增长稳定且优于其他基质,可以有效地为微型薯的生长发育积累更多营养物质。
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| 关 键 词： | 基质 秸秆 生长 玉米 马铃薯 脱毒苗 |
| 收稿时间： | 8/2/2015 12:00:00 AM |
| 修稿时间： | 2015/9/16 0:00:00 |
Promoting effects of corn stalk as suitable component of mixed substrate on potato virus-free seedling growth |
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| Li Shuang,Hou Jie,Zhang Jingying,Li Xiang and Han Yuzhu.Promoting effects of corn stalk as suitable component of mixed substrate on potato virus-free seedling growth[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(19):195-201. |
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| Authors: | Li Shuang Hou Jie Zhang Jingying Li Xiang and Han Yuzhu |
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| Institution: | Department of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China,Department of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China,Department of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China,Department of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China and Department of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Peat and vermiculite are usually used as cultivation substrates to produce potato mini tubers but the peat is non-renewable resource. There is no enough peat that can be used as cultivation substrate to produce potato mini tubers. The vermiculite is used as substrate material for one year usually. When we use vermiculite as cultivation substrate to produce potato, we may spend more money because the repetition utilization rate of the vermiculite is low and the vermiculite is expensive. Corn stalk resource is rich and its price is low, however, corn stalk as cultivation substrate has not been used efficiently in potato mini tubers cultivation. In order to make full use of the corn stalk, we carried out the experiments. This experiment studied the application effect of corn stalk substrate in the production of potato mini tubers. Through the comparative analysis of the test results, we hope we can find out more suitable application ratio of cultivation substrate for producing potato mini tubers. This paper took the potato Chunshu No.4 virus-free seedling and 5 different substrates including corn stalk, peat, vermiculite, sand and soil as experimental materials. We used the corn stalk through fermentation treatment. We sieved the peat by 1 cm aperture. These 5 kinds of substrates were mixed in various ratios to form 6 compound substrates: M1 (peat : vermiculite=1:1), M2 (corn stalk : peat : vermiculite=1:1:2), M3 (corn stalk : peat : sand=1:3:4), M4 (corn stalk : peat : sand=1:1:2), M5 (corn stalk : sand : soil:3:4:1) and M6 (corn stalk : soil=3:2). We used the 500 times liquid of 50% wettable powder of Duolaibao pesticide and the 1000 times liquid of 50% wettable powder of Duojunling fungicide for insecticidal sterilization after the substrate materials were mixed evenly in various ratios. Before the experiment, we made the land leveling in the greenhouse and put insect-proof screen on the land. We used the bricks to make 9 test flumes. The length of the test flume was 2.4 m and the width was 1 m. The passage was 40 cm between the test flumes. We divided the test flume into 2 experiment plots with equal area. There were 18 experiment plots. The area of each experiment plot was 1.2 m2. Random block method was used in the experiment and the tests were repeated three times. Before the potato virus-free seedlings were planted, we put the sunshade net with the transmittance of 50% above the greenhouse. We took down the sunshade net after the rejuvenation period of the potato virus-free seedlings. Starting from the time that the potato virus-free seedlings were planted in the greenhouse, random sampling was carried out every half a month. The effects of 6 kinds of substrates with different ratios on the form and physiology of the potato virus-free seedlings were analyzed and compared. The form indicators of the potato virus-free seedlings included plant height, stalk width, leaf number, stem number, above-ground mass and root mass, and the physiology indicators of the potato virus-free seedlings included chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and root activity. The results indicate that M2 (corn stalk : peat : vermiculite=1:1:2) is better than the other experiment substrates, on plant height, stalk width, above-ground fresh mass, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll, and provides more nutrients for potato mini tubers during the period of growth. |
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| Keywords: | substrates straw growth corn potato virus-free seedling |
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