| 江汉平原油菜根肿病流行规律及栽培应对措施 |
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| 引用本文： | 方华明,童 玥,曾令益,姜成红,周元委,张晓玲,向 欣,施昌华,方小平.江汉平原油菜根肿病流行规律及栽培应对措施[J].中国油料作物学报,2019,41(1):101. |
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| 作者姓名： | 方华明 童 玥 曾令益 姜成红 周元委 张晓玲 向 欣 施昌华 方小平 |
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| 作者单位： | １．宜昌市农业科学研究院，湖北宜昌，４４３００４；
２．中国农业科学院油料作物研究所／农业部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家油菜产业技术体系建设专项（ＣＡＲＳ－１３）；国家自然科学基金（３１４０１７２０，３１１０１１２４）；国家重点研发项目（２０１６ＹＦＤ０１００２００ |
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| 摘 要： | 以枝江市问安镇龚桥村为例，采用普查和抽查方法，研究2008-2017十年间江汉平原油菜根肿病流行规律，分析土壤条件、栽培措施等因素对其爆发的影响。在前期研究基础上，采用随机区组设计方法开展无病苗分期播种移栽、苗床消毒、根际施肥用药等田间试验，优化防治技术。调查结果表明，江汉平原油菜根肿病扩散蔓延速度快，3～5年内连片发作，危害严重；机械作业是该病远距离传播扩散的主要原因，土壤酸化是其流行爆发的基础。田间试验结果表明，培育无病苗后移栽到病田避病效果明显，菜籽产量损失小，9 月中下旬育苗，10月中下旬移栽，重病田块能获得2 500 kg / hm2左右的正常产量；根际施用氰氨化钙和氰霜唑显著降低根肿病病情指数，防效分别为50%、90%，两者同时施用防效达100%；苗床氰氨化钙焖棚、火土灭菌、氟啶胺、氰霜唑淋土防治效果分别为100%、96%、76%、62%。基于江汉平原地区水稻土对根肿病极度敏感，在农业机械化生产的背景下，提出油菜根肿病防控应以预防为主。为了减少防治成本，提高防治效果，建议可将氰氨化钙等碱性钙肥丸粒化，作为种肥和底肥集中施用于根际周围；在此基础上无病和轻病田用氰霜唑种子包衣后直播，重病田块用氟啶胺进行苗床消毒，培育无病苗后移栽。
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| 关 键 词： | 油菜 根肿病 育苗移栽 苗床消毒 根际施药 |
Epidemic history and cultivation response of rapeseed clubroot disease in Jianghan Plain #br# |
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| FANG Hua-ming,TONG Yue,ZENG Ling-yi,ZHANG Xiao-ling,JIANG Cheng-hong,ZHOU Yuan-wei,XIANG xin,SHI Chang-hua,FANG Xiao-ping.Epidemic history and cultivation response of rapeseed clubroot disease in Jianghan Plain #br#[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2019,41(1):101. |
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| Authors: | FANG Hua-ming TONG Yue ZENG Ling-yi ZHANG Xiao-ling JIANG Cheng-hong ZHOU Yuan-wei XIANG xin SHI Chang-hua FANG Xiao-ping |
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| Institution: | 1.Yichang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yichang 443004, China;
2.Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China |
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| Abstract: | Taking Gongqiao Village, Wen'an Town, Zhijiang City as an example, this paper studied the prevalence of rapeseed clubroot in Jianghan Plain during the period of 2008～2017 with the method of census and random sampling, compared the influence of soil conditions, cultivation measures and other factors on its outbreak. At the same time, randomized block design method was used to carry out field trials such as seedling-free transplanting at different sowing times, seedbed disinfection and rhizosphere fertilization. The results showed that the rapeseed clubroot in Jianghan Plain spreaded rapidly, and it was contiguous in 3～5 years. The main reason for the long-distance spread of this disease was mechanical operation. Soil acidification was the basis of its epidemic. Field trials showed that transplanting non-diseased seedlings to diseased fields evidently avoided disease and rapeseed yield loss was reduced. If sowing in mid-late September and transplanting one month later, the yield of rapeseed in rehabilitated fields could reach up to 2,500 kg / ha. Rhizosphere application of cyanamide calcium and cyazofamid could significantly reduce the disease index of clubroot, prevention effects were 50% and 90%, if both applied at the same time the effect was 100%. The control effect on the rapeseed clubroot was 100%, 96%, 76% and 62% respectively by adopting the cyanamide calcium stew shed, high temperature, fluazinam and cyazofamid to disinfect soil. The paddy soil in the Jianghan Plain is extremely sensitive to clubroot disease. The mechanized production, prevention and control of clubroot disease should be based on prevention. In order to reduce the cost of prevention and improve the control effect, it was recommended that the alkaline calcium fertilizer such as calcium cyanamide to be pelletized and applied as a seed and base fertilizer to the rhizosphere. In addition, seed coating with cyazofamid could be used for disease-free and mild disease fields, and cultivated disease-free seedlings could be transplanted after seedbed disinfected by fluazinam or Cyazofamid for seriously infected. |
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| Keywords: | rapeseed clubroot disease seedling transplanting seedbed disinfected fungicide precision employing |
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