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Species diversity of the marine diatom genus Skeletonema in Japanese brackish water areas |
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| Authors: | Machiko Yamada Mayuko Otsubo Yuki Tsutsumi Chiaki Mizota Naoki Iida Kazuma Okamura Masashi Kodama Akira Umehara |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Science, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women’s University, Kasumigaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8529, Japan 2. Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan 3. Fisheries Research Institute, Toyama Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Takatsuka, Namekawa, Toyama, 936-8536, Japan 4. Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, Tairamachi, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan 5. National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan 6. Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Tsukide, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan |
| Abstract: | The genus Skeletonema includes phytoplankton species that are important primary producers in marine food chains. Brackish waters have been reported to be one of the important habitats of some species of Skeletonema. To elucidate the species diversity of Skeletonema in brackish waters, we investigated three Japanese brackish bodies of water: the coastal waters of Toyama Bay, a tidal area of the Chikugo River, and a constructed reservoir in Isahaya Bay. We used molecular analysis based on large subunit rDNA and fine morphological structure to identify species. Skeletonema costatum s.s. (sensu stricto) was isolated at salinities as low as 0.6, but Skeletonema dohrnii, Skeletonema subsalsum, and Skeletonema tropicum were not found at salinities below 11.0. S. costatum s.s. could survive transfer from a medium with a salinity of 15 to a salinity of 2, but S. dohrnii did not survive in the same experiment. Only S. costatum s.s. germinated from the sediment of a reservoir in which the salinity was 0.1–1.4; incubation conditions included temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C and salinities of 5 and 30. Skeletonema costatum s.s. was identified as the species most adaptable to low-level salinity variations throughout its lifecycle. |
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