| 小清河流域畜禽养殖结构变化及其粪便氮素污染负荷特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 王立刚,李虎,王迎春,邱建军.小清河流域畜禽养殖结构变化及其粪便氮素污染负荷特征分析[J].农业环境保护,2011(5):986-992. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王立刚 李虎 王迎春 邱建军 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201103039 200803036） |
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| 摘 要： | 在分析小清河流域1991—2007年间畜禽养殖总量和结构变化态势的基础上,估算该流域畜禽养殖粪便总量和氮素污染负荷量及其空间分布特征。结果表明：该流域畜禽养殖粪便量（以氮含量为标准的猪粪当量计）呈现增加-下降-增加-下降的趋势,基本上是随着畜禽养殖总体数量的变化而变化。小清河流域上游地区畜禽养殖产生的粪便量最大,约占整个流域地区的58%,对小清河流域氮素污染起到主要作用。该流域畜禽粪便平均氮素污染负荷为116 kgN.hm-2,但流域各县粪便氮素污染负荷量则差异较大。负荷量大的县（区）主要集中在小清河流域的上游地区（槐荫区除外）,其氮素污染负荷均高于250 kgN.hm-2欧盟的最高限制标准,尤其是历下区和天桥区的氮素污染负荷最为突出,对小清河流域水体环境影响极大。
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| 关 键 词： | 畜禽养殖结构 氮污染 小清河流域 |
Changes in Livestock Operation Systems and Their Contributions to Manure Nitrogen Pollution Loading in Xiaoqinghe Watershed,China |
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| WANG Li-gang,LI Hu,WANG Ying-chun,QIU Jian-jun.Changes in Livestock Operation Systems and Their Contributions to Manure Nitrogen Pollution Loading in Xiaoqinghe Watershed,China[J].Agro-Environmental Protection,2011(5):986-992. |
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| Authors: | WANG Li-gang LI Hu WANG Ying-chun QIU Jian-jun |
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| Institution: | (Institute of Natural Resources and Regional Planning,CAAS,Beijing 100081,China) |
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| Abstract: | During the time period of 1991—2007,animal types and population of the livestock operation systems in the Xiaoqinghe River watershed experienced changes.Based on the statistical data collected at county scale,we analyzed the change trends of manure production as well as nitrogen（N） pollution loading rate in time and space for the watershed.The results indicated that the annual manure productions（counted in pig manure equivalent） varied year-by-year basically following the pattern of changes in the livestock population.The livestock operation systems located along the upstream of the Xiaoqinghe River produced about 58% of the watershed manure production,and hence dominated the watershed N pollution.The livestock-oriented N loading rate was 116 kg N·hm-2 in average although the rates varied greatly across the counties within the watershed.Alarge number of counties or districts located in the upstream of the watershed had the N pollution loading rates higher than the EU threshould level（250 kg N·hm-2）.Especially in Lixia and Tianqiao districts,the N loading rates were as high as 2 000 kg N·hm-2.The livestock manure contamination has formed a severe threat for the water use safety for the region. |
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| Keywords: | livestock raising structure nitrogen pollution Xiaoqing River basin |
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