| 施氮模式对夏玉米氮肥利用和产量效益的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王云奇,陶洪斌,黄收兵,徐丽娜,杨利华,祁利潘,王璞.施氮模式对夏玉米氮肥利用和产量效益的影响[J].核农学报,2013,27(2):219-224. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王云奇 陶洪斌 黄收兵 徐丽娜 杨利华 祁利潘 王璞 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京,100193
2. 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所,河北石家庄,050031 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家玉米产业技术体系项目，国家科技支撑计划 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了明确不同施氮模式对夏玉米物质生产、经济效益和氮肥利用的影响,设置4种施氮模式:N0(CK)、N1(基肥30+大口肥120+吐丝肥30)、N2(基肥60+大口肥120)、N3(基肥120+大口肥120+吐丝肥30),进行大田试验。结果表明,施氮能改善夏玉米产量因子、提高产量。氮肥适量后移显著改善穗部性状,N1与N0、N2处理相比穗粒数提高34.7和28.5粒,收获指数提高11.3%～17.1%,增加产量1590和60.6kg·hm-2。在同等施氮量下,氮肥部分后移能增加产量收入,但不能提高纯收益、产投比。夏玉米吐丝期施氮显著增加灌浆期干物质积累(N1、N3处理的干物质与N2相比分别提高2153和2319.4kg·hm-2),延缓吐丝后LAI的下降。施氮可以显著提高夏玉米花前花后生物量;氮肥部分后移到吐丝期可提高花后干物质积累。适当降低氮肥投入,每1kg氮多生产4.3kg玉米;氮肥用量相同,氮肥适当后移,每1kg氮多生产0.56kg玉米。因此,合理的施氮模式,不仅可以增玉米加产量,还可获得好的经济效益。
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| 关 键 词： | 夏玉米 氮肥 经济效益 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-05-22 |
| 修稿时间： | 2012-08-21 |
Effects of Nitreogen Patterns on Nitrogen Use and Yield Benefit of Summer Maize |
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| WANG Yun-qi,TAO Hong-bin,HUANG Shou-bing,XU Li-na,YANG Li-hua,QI Li-pan,WANG Pu.Effects of Nitreogen Patterns on Nitrogen Use and Yield Benefit of Summer Maize[J].Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica,2013,27(2):219-224. |
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| Authors: | WANG Yun-qi TAO Hong-bin HUANG Shou-bing XU Li-na YANG Li-hua QI Li-pan WANG Pu |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Agronomy and biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2. Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031 |
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| Abstract: | Field experiments were conducted with four nitrogen patterns to clarify the effects of different nitrogen patterns on the process of matter productivity, ear traits,yield,economic benefits and N efficiency. The four nitrogen patteris were Ⅰ nitrogen rate of 0kg·hm-2, Pattern N0;Ⅱ nitrogen rate of 180kg·hm-2 (30kg·hm-2 before sowing plus 120kg·hm-2 at big trumpet stage,30kg·hm-2 at silking stage), Pattern N1; Ⅲ nitrogen rate of 180kg·hm-2 (60kg·hm-2 before sowing, 120kg·hm-2 at big trumpet stage), Pattern N2; Ⅳ nitrogen rate of 270kg·hm-2 (30kg·hm-2 before sowing, 120kg·hm-2 at big trumpet stage, 120kg·hm-2 at silking stage), Pattern N3. The results showed that appropriately postponing nitrogen fertilizer can significantly improve ear traits, for example,the number of grains per ear of N1 pattern increased by 34.7 and 28.5,the harvest index increased by 11.3 and 17.1%; the yield increased by 1590kg·hm-2 and 60.6kg·hm-2,compared to N0 and N2 respectively. After treated with the same amount of nitrogen input, postponing appropriately propertion of nitrogen fertilizer can increase yield but not the net-income or the input-output rate; Nitrogen input at silking stage were also found significantly increased dry matter accumulation at grain-filling stage and the drop of LAI after silking was postponing. Nitrogen fertilizer significantly improve biomass of summer maize before and after anthesis, Moreover, postponing part of nitrogen to silking stage could increase dry matter accumulation of post-anthesis. Reducing appropriate amount of nitrogen input produced 4.3kg more corn per kilogram nitrogen; undeer the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer input, postponing part of nitrogen to silking stage produced 0.56kg corn per kilogram nitrogen more. Therefore, scientific nitrogen pattern is very important not only for yield increase, but also for improving of economic benefits. |
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| Keywords: | Summer maize Nitrogen fertilizers Economic benefits Yield |
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